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< style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體"><FONT size=3>一,、前言</FONT></SPAN></STRONG></P>
< style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)是將電脈沖信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻俏灰苹蚓位移的開環(huán)控制元件。在非超載的情況下,,電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速、停止的位置只取決于脈沖信號(hào)的頻率和脈沖數(shù),,而不受負(fù)載變化的影響,,即給電機(jī)加一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào),電機(jī)則轉(zhuǎn)過一個(gè)步距角,。這一線性關(guān)系的存在,,加上步進(jìn)電機(jī)只有周期性的誤差而無累積誤差等特點(diǎn)。使得在速度,、位置等控制領(lǐng)域用步進(jìn)電機(jī)來控制變的非常的簡單,。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
< style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">雖然步進(jìn)電機(jī)已被廣泛地應(yīng)用,但步進(jìn)電機(jī)并不能象普通的直流電機(jī),,交流電機(jī)在常規(guī)下使用,。它必須由雙環(huán)形脈沖信號(hào)、功率驅(qū)動(dòng)電路等組成控制系統(tǒng)方可使用,。因此用好步進(jìn)電機(jī)卻非易事,,它涉及到機(jī)械、電機(jī),、電子及計(jì)算機(jī)等許多專業(yè)知識(shí),。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">目前<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>生產(chǎn)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的廠家的確不少,但具有專業(yè)技術(shù)人員,,能夠自行開發(fā),,研制的廠家卻非常少,大部分的廠家只一,、二十人,,連最基本的設(shè)備都沒有。僅僅處于一種盲目的仿制階段,。這就給用戶在產(chǎn)品選型,、使用中造成許多麻煩。簽于上述情況,,我們決定以廣泛的感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)為例,。敘述其基本工作原理。望能對(duì)廣大用戶在選型,、使用,、及整機(jī)改進(jìn)時(shí)有所幫助。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">二,、感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)工作原理</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>(一)反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)原理</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>由于反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)工作原理比較簡單,。下面先敘述三相反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)原理,。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、結(jié)構(gòu):</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子均勻分布著很多小齒,,定子齒有三個(gè)勵(lì)磁繞阻,,其幾何軸線依次分別與轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線錯(cuò)開。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">0</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,、<SPAN lang=EN-US>2/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">(相鄰兩轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線間的距離為齒距以</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>表示),即<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>與齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>相對(duì)齊,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>與齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>向右錯(cuò)開<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>與齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>向右錯(cuò)開<SPAN lang=EN-US>2/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>A'</SPAN>與齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>相對(duì)齊,,(<SPAN lang=EN-US>A'</SPAN>就是<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>,,齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>就是齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>)下面是定轉(zhuǎn)子的展開圖:</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A%27.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></v:path><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com ffice ffice" /><o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></o:lock></v:shapetype></SPAN></A></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋體 size=3><IMG src="D:\001.JPG"></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、旋轉(zhuǎn):</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">如<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>相通電,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相不通電時(shí),由于磁場作用,,齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>與<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>對(duì)齊,,(轉(zhuǎn)子不受任何力以下均同)。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">如<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>相通電,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相不通電時(shí),齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>2</SPAN>應(yīng)與<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>對(duì)齊,,此時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)子向右移過<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,,此時(shí)齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>與<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>偏移為<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>與<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>偏移(</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>-1/3</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>)<SPAN lang=EN-US>=2/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,。</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>如<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相通電,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>相不通電,,齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>應(yīng)與<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>對(duì)齊,,此時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)子又向右移過<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,此時(shí)齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>與<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>偏移為<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>對(duì)齊,。</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3> <SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN>如<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>相通電,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>相不通電,,齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>與<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>對(duì)齊,,轉(zhuǎn)子又向右移過<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">這樣經(jīng)過<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>,、<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>分別通電狀態(tài),,齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>4</SPAN>(即齒<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>前一齒)移到<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>相,電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子向右轉(zhuǎn)過一個(gè)齒距,,如果不斷地按<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>A……</SPAN>通電,電機(jī)就每步(每脈沖)<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>向右旋轉(zhuǎn)</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,。如按<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>C</SPAN>,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>A……</SPAN>通電,,電機(jī)就反轉(zhuǎn)。</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">由此可見:電機(jī)的位置和速度由導(dǎo)電次數(shù)(脈沖數(shù))和頻率成一一對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,。而方向由導(dǎo)電順序決定,。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">不過,出于對(duì)力矩,、平穩(wěn),、噪音及減少角度等方面考慮。往往采用<SPAN lang=EN-US>A-AB-B-BC</SPAN>-<SPAN lang=EN-US>C-CA-A</SPAN>這種導(dǎo)電狀態(tài),,這樣將原來每步<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>改變?yōu)?lt;SPAN lang=EN-US>1/6</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て,。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>甚至于通過二相電流不同的組合,使其<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/3</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>變?yōu)?lt;SPAN lang=EN-US>1/12</SPAN></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て,,</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>1/24</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">て</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>,,這就是電機(jī)細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)的基本理論依據(jù)。</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">不難推出:電機(jī)定子上有<SPAN lang=EN-US>m</SPAN>相勵(lì)磁繞阻,,其軸線分別與轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線偏移<SPAN lang=EN-US>1/m,2/m……(m-1)/m,1</SPAN>,。并且導(dǎo)電按一定的相序電機(jī)就能正反轉(zhuǎn)被控制<SPAN lang=EN-US>——</SPAN>這是步進(jìn)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)的物理?xiàng)l件。只要符合這一條件我們理論上可以制造任何相的步進(jìn)電機(jī),,出于成本等多方面考慮,,市場上一般以二、三,、四,、五相為多。<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、力矩:</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)一旦通電,,在定轉(zhuǎn)子間將產(chǎn)生磁場(磁通量</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">Ф</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子與定子錯(cuò)開一定角度產(chǎn)生力</FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">F</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">與(<SPAN lang=EN-US>d</SPAN></SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">Ф<SPAN lang=EN-US>/d</SPAN>θ)成正比</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B%27.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體><IMG src="D:\002.JPG"> S</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋體 size=3> </FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT face=宋體>其磁通量Ф<SPAN lang=EN-US>=Br*S </SPAN></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">Br</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">為磁密,<SPAN lang=EN-US>S</SPAN>為導(dǎo)磁面積<SPAN lang=EN-US> </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> F</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">與<SPAN lang=EN-US>L*D*Br</SPAN>成正比</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> L</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">為鐵芯有效長度,<SPAN lang=EN-US>D</SPAN>為轉(zhuǎn)子直徑</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> Br=N</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">·</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">I/R</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3>N</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">·</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">I</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">為勵(lì)磁繞阻安匝數(shù)(電流乘匝數(shù))<SPAN lang=EN-US>R</SPAN>為磁阻,。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>力矩<SPAN lang=EN-US>=</SPAN>力<SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN>半徑</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>力矩與電機(jī)有效體積<SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN>安匝數(shù)<SPAN lang=EN-US>*</SPAN>磁密成正比(只考慮線性狀態(tài))</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>因此,,電機(jī)有效體積越大,勵(lì)磁安匝數(shù)越大,,定轉(zhuǎn)子間氣隙越小,,電機(jī)力矩越大,反之亦然,。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">(二)感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)</SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">,、特點(diǎn):</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)與傳統(tǒng)的反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)相比,結(jié)構(gòu)上轉(zhuǎn)子加有永磁體,,以提供軟磁材料的工作點(diǎn),,而定子激磁只需提供變化的磁場而不必提供磁材料工作點(diǎn)的耗能,因此該電機(jī)效率高,,電流小,,發(fā)熱低。因永磁體的存在,,該電機(jī)具有較強(qiáng)的反電勢(shì),,其自身阻尼作用比較好,使其在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程中比較平穩(wěn),、噪音低,、低頻振動(dòng)小。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)某種程度上可以看作是低速同步電機(jī),。一個(gè)四相電機(jī)可以作四相運(yùn)行,,也可以作二相運(yùn)行。(必須采用雙極電壓驅(qū)動(dòng)),,而反應(yīng)式電機(jī)則不能如此,。例如:四相,八相運(yùn)行(<SPAN lang=EN-US>A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A</SPAN>)完全可以采用二相八拍運(yùn)行方式<SPAN lang=EN-US>.</SPAN>不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其條件為</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋體 size=3>C=</FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" target="_blank" o:button="t"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=宋體> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif" o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3>,D=</FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1028 style="WIDTH: 11.25pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" target="_blank" o:button="t"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=宋體> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif" o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3>. </FONT></SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>一個(gè)二相電機(jī)的內(nèi)部繞組與四相電機(jī)完全一致,,小功率電機(jī)一般直接接為二相,,而功率大一點(diǎn)的電機(jī),為了方便使用,,靈活改變電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)特點(diǎn),,往往將其外部接線為八根引線(四相),這樣使用時(shí),,既可以作四相電機(jī)使用,,可以作二相電機(jī)繞組串聯(lián)或并聯(lián)使用。</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">,、分類</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US> <SPAN style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)以相數(shù)可分為:二相電機(jī),、三相電機(jī),、四相電機(jī)、五相電機(jī)等,。以機(jī)座號(hào)(電機(jī)外徑)可分為:<SPAN lang=EN-US>42BYG(BYG</SPAN>為感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)代號(hào)),、<SPAN lang=EN-US>57BYG</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>86BYG</SPAN>,、<SPAN lang=EN-US>110BYG</SPAN>,、(國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),而像<SPAN lang=EN-US>70BYG</SPAN>,、<SPAN lang=EN-US>90BYG</SPAN>,、<SPAN lang=EN-US>130BYG</SPAN>等均為國內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">,、步進(jìn)電機(jī)的靜態(tài)指標(biāo)術(shù)語</SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>相數(shù):產(chǎn)生不同對(duì)極<SPAN lang=EN-US>N</SPAN>、<SPAN lang=EN-US>S</SPAN>磁場的激磁線圈對(duì)數(shù),。常用<SPAN lang=EN-US>m</SPAN>表示,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>拍數(shù):完成一個(gè)磁場周期性變化所需脈沖數(shù)或?qū)щ姞顟B(tài)用<SPAN lang=EN-US>n</SPAN>表示,或指電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)過一個(gè)齒距角所需脈沖數(shù),,以四相電機(jī)為例,,有四相四拍運(yùn)行方式即<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-BC-CD-DA-AB</SPAN>,四相八拍運(yùn)行方式即<SPAN lang=EN-US> A-AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-DA-A.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>步距角:對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)脈沖信號(hào),,電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)過的角位移用<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ</SPAN>表示,。<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ=360</SPAN>度(轉(zhuǎn)子齒數(shù)<SPAN lang=EN-US>J*</SPAN>運(yùn)行拍數(shù)),以常規(guī)二,、四相,,轉(zhuǎn)子齒為<SPAN lang=EN-US>50</SPAN>齒電機(jī)為例。四拍運(yùn)行時(shí)步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ=360</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>50*4</SPAN>)<SPAN lang=EN-US>=1.8</SPAN>度(俗稱整步),,八拍運(yùn)行時(shí)步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>θ=360</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>50*8</SPAN>)<SPAN lang=EN-US>=0.9</SPAN>度(俗稱半步),。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>定位轉(zhuǎn)矩:電機(jī)在不通電狀態(tài)下,電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子自身的鎖定力矩(由磁場齒形的諧波以及機(jī)械誤差造成的)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>靜轉(zhuǎn)矩:電機(jī)在額定靜態(tài)電作用下,,電機(jī)不作旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí),,電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸的鎖定力矩。此力矩是衡量電機(jī)體積(幾何尺寸)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),,與驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓及驅(qū)動(dòng)電源等無關(guān),。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">雖然靜轉(zhuǎn)矩與電磁激磁安匝數(shù)成正比,與定齒轉(zhuǎn)子間的氣隙有關(guān),,但過份采用減小氣隙,,增加激磁安匝來提高靜力矩是不可取的,這樣會(huì)造成電機(jī)的發(fā)熱及機(jī)械噪音,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: 黑體">,、步進(jìn)電機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)指標(biāo)及術(shù)語</SPAN><FONT face=宋體>:</FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、步距角精度:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)每轉(zhuǎn)過一個(gè)步距角的實(shí)際值與理論值的誤差。用百分比表示:誤差<SPAN lang=EN-US>/</SPAN>步距角<SPAN lang=EN-US>*100%</SPAN>,。不同運(yùn)行拍數(shù)其值不同,,四拍運(yùn)行時(shí)應(yīng)在<SPAN lang=EN-US>5%</SPAN>之內(nèi),八拍運(yùn)行時(shí)應(yīng)在<SPAN lang=EN-US>15%</SPAN>以內(nèi),。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、失步:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的步數(shù),不等于理論上的步數(shù),。稱之為失步,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、失調(diào)角:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">轉(zhuǎn)子齒軸線偏移定子齒軸線的角度,,電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)必存在失調(diào)角,,由失調(diào)角產(chǎn)生的誤差,采用細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)是不能解決的,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、最大空載起動(dòng)頻率:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)在某種驅(qū)動(dòng)形式、電壓及額定電流下,,在不加負(fù)載的情況下,,能夠直接起動(dòng)的最大頻率。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、最大空載的運(yùn)行頻率:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)在某種驅(qū)動(dòng)形式,,電壓及額定電流下,電機(jī)不帶負(fù)載的最高轉(zhuǎn)速頻率,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">6</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、運(yùn)行矩頻特性:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)在某種測試條件下測得運(yùn)行中輸出力矩與頻率關(guān)系的曲線稱為運(yùn)行矩頻特性,這是電機(jī)諸多動(dòng)態(tài)曲線中最重要的,,也是電機(jī)選擇的根本依據(jù),。如下圖所示:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/D.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><IMG src="D:\003.JPG"></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">其它特性還有慣頻特性、起動(dòng)頻率特性等,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)一旦選定,,電機(jī)的靜力矩確定,而動(dòng)態(tài)力矩卻不然,,電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)力矩取決于電機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)的平均電流(而非靜態(tài)電流),,平均電流越大,電機(jī)輸出力矩越大,,即電機(jī)的頻率特性越硬,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>如下圖所示:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/E.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><IMG src="D:\004.JPG"></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>其中,曲線<SPAN lang=EN-US>3</SPAN>電流最大,、或電壓最高<SPAN lang=EN-US>;</SPAN>曲線<SPAN lang=EN-US>1</SPAN>電流最小,、或電壓最低,,曲線與負(fù)載的交點(diǎn)為負(fù)載的最大速度點(diǎn)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>要使平均電流大,,盡可能提高驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓,,使采用小電感大電流的電機(jī)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、電機(jī)的共振點(diǎn):<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)均有固定的共振區(qū)域,,二、四相感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的共振區(qū)一般在<SPAN lang=EN-US>180-250pps</SPAN>之間(步距角<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>度)或在<SPAN lang=EN-US>400pps</SPAN>左右(步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度),,電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓越高,,電機(jī)電流越大,負(fù)載越輕,,電機(jī)體積越小,,則共振區(qū)向上偏移,反之亦然,,為使電機(jī)輸出電矩大,,不失步和整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的噪音降低,一般工作點(diǎn)均應(yīng)偏移共振區(qū)較多,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> 8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)控制:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>當(dāng)電機(jī)繞組通電時(shí)序?yàn)?lt;SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-BC-CD-DA</SPAN>或</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋體 size=3>(<IMG src="D:\005.JPG"></FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3>)</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋體 size=3>時(shí)為正轉(zhuǎn),,通電時(shí)序?yàn)?lt;SPAN lang=EN-US>DA-CA-BC-AB</SPAN>或</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><FONT face=宋體 size=3>(<IMG src="D:\006.JPG"></FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/H.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3>)</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>時(shí)為反轉(zhuǎn),。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><STRONG><SPAN style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">三、驅(qū)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)組成</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">使用,、控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)必須由環(huán)形脈沖,,功率放大等組成的控制系統(tǒng),其方框圖如下:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/F.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><IMG src="D:\007.JPG"></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、脈沖信號(hào)的產(chǎn)生,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">脈沖信號(hào)一般由單片機(jī)或<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>產(chǎn)生,一般脈沖信號(hào)的占空比為<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.3-0.4</SPAN>左右,,電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速越高,,占空比則越大。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、信號(hào)分配<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN></FONT></FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3>我廠生產(chǎn)的感應(yīng)子式步進(jìn)電機(jī)以二,、四相電機(jī)為主,二相電機(jī)工作方式有二相四拍和二相八拍二種,,具體分配如下:二相四拍為</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1034 style="WIDTH: 84.75pt; HEIGHT: 19.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif" target="_blank" o:button="t"><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.gif" o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/G.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3>,</FONT></SPAN><FONT face=宋體 size=3>步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>度,;二相八拍為</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1035 style="WIDTH: 128.25pt; HEIGHT: 21pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B.gif" target="_blank" o:button="t"><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image010.gif" o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3>,</FONT></SPAN><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度。四相電機(jī)工作方式也有二種,,四相四拍為<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-BC-CD-DA-AB,</SPAN>步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.8</SPAN>度,;四相八拍為<SPAN lang=EN-US>AB-B-BC-C-CD-D-AB,(</SPAN>步距角為<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度),。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、功率放大<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">功率放大是驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)最為重要的部分,。步進(jìn)電機(jī)在一定轉(zhuǎn)速下的轉(zhuǎn)矩取決于它的動(dòng)態(tài)平均電流而非靜態(tài)電流(而樣本上的電流均為靜態(tài)電流),。平均電流越大電機(jī)力矩越大,要達(dá)到平均電流大這就需要驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)盡量克服電機(jī)的反電勢(shì),。因而不同的場合采取不同的的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式,,到目前為止,驅(qū)動(dòng)方式一般有以下幾種:恒壓,、恒壓串電阻,、高低壓驅(qū)動(dòng)、恒流,、細(xì)分?jǐn)?shù)等,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">為盡量提高電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能,將信號(hào)分配,、功率放大組成步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電源,。我廠生產(chǎn)的<SPAN lang=EN-US>SH</SPAN>系列二相恒流斬波驅(qū)動(dòng)電源與單片機(jī)及電機(jī)接線圖如下:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/K.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><IMG src="D:\008.JPG"></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>說明:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> CP </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>脈沖信號(hào)(負(fù)信號(hào),低電平有效)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> OPTO </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU+5V<o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> FREE </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">脫機(jī),,與<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>地線相接,,驅(qū)動(dòng)電源不工作<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> DIR </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">方向控制,與<SPAN lang=EN-US>CPU</SPAN>地線相接,,電機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> VCC </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">直流電源正端<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">GND </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">直流電源負(fù)端<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> A </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接電機(jī)引出線紅線<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3> </FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1037 style="WIDTH: 15.75pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif" target="_blank" o:button="t"><FONT size=3><FONT color=#0000ff><FONT face=宋體> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.gif" o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/A1.gif"></v:imagedata></FONT></FONT></FONT></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>接電機(jī)引出線綠線<SPAN lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> B </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">接電機(jī)引出線黃線<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3> </FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"><v:shape id=_x0000_i1038 style="WIDTH: 11.25pt; HEIGHT: 13.5pt" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif" target="_blank" o:button="t"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\Admin\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image004.gif" o:href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/B1.gif"><FONT face=宋體 size=3></FONT></v:imagedata></v:shape></SPAN></A><FONT face=宋體 size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>接電機(jī)引出線藍(lán)線<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)一經(jīng)定型,,其性能取決于電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電源。步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速越高,,力距越大則要求電機(jī)的電流越大,,驅(qū)動(dòng)電源的電壓越高。電壓對(duì)力矩影響如下:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/I.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><IMG src="D:\009.JPG"></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> 4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)器<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">在步進(jìn)電機(jī)步距角不能滿足使用的條件下,,可采用細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)器來驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī),細(xì)分驅(qū)動(dòng)器的原理是通過改變相鄰(<SPAN lang=EN-US>A</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>B</SPAN>)電流的大小,,以改變合成磁場的夾角來控制步進(jìn)電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/M.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體"><IMG src="D:\010.JPG"></SPAN></STRONG></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><STRONG><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋體">四,、步進(jìn)電機(jī)的應(yīng)用</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體>(一)步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)有步距角(涉及到相數(shù)),、靜轉(zhuǎn)矩、及電流三大要素組成,。一旦三大要素確定,,步進(jìn)電機(jī)的型號(hào)便確定下來了。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">1</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、步距角的選擇<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">電機(jī)的步距角取決于負(fù)載精度的要求,,將負(fù)載的最小分辨率(當(dāng)量)換算到電機(jī)軸上,,每個(gè)當(dāng)量電機(jī)應(yīng)走多少角度(包括減速)。電機(jī)的步距角應(yīng)等于或小于此角度,。目前市場上步進(jìn)電機(jī)的步距角一般有<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.36</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/0.72</SPAN>度(五相電機(jī)),、<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/1.8</SPAN>度(二、四相電機(jī)),、<SPAN lang=EN-US>1.5</SPAN>度<SPAN lang=EN-US>/3</SPAN>度(三相電機(jī))等,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、靜力矩的選擇<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)的動(dòng)態(tài)力矩一下子很難確定,,我們往往先確定電機(jī)的靜力矩,。靜力矩選擇的依據(jù)是電機(jī)工作的負(fù)載,而負(fù)載可分為慣性負(fù)載和摩擦負(fù)載二種,。單一的慣性負(fù)載和單一的摩擦負(fù)載是不存在的,。直接起動(dòng)時(shí)(一般由低速)時(shí)二種負(fù)載均要考慮,加速起動(dòng)時(shí)主要考慮慣性負(fù)載,,恒速運(yùn)行進(jìn)只要考慮摩擦負(fù)載,。一般情況下,靜力矩應(yīng)為摩擦負(fù)載的<SPAN lang=EN-US>2-3</SPAN>倍內(nèi)好,,靜力矩一旦選定,,電機(jī)的機(jī)座及長度便能確定下來(幾何尺寸)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">、電流的選擇<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">靜力矩一樣的電機(jī),,由于電流參數(shù)不同,,其運(yùn)行特性差別很大,可依據(jù)矩頻特性曲線圖,,判斷電機(jī)的電流(參考驅(qū)動(dòng)電源、及驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓)<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">綜上所述選擇電機(jī)一般應(yīng)遵循以下步驟:<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體 size=3> <IMG src="D:\011.JPG"></FONT><A href="http://www.sihaidj.com/image/L.gif" target=_blank><SPAN style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none"></SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體> <o:p></o:p></FONT></FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">4</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、力矩與功率換算<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black">步進(jìn)電機(jī)一般在較大范圍內(nèi)調(diào)速使用,、其功率是變化的,一般只用力矩來衡量,,力矩與功率換算如下:</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"><FONT face=宋體> P=</FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black">Ω</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">·<SPAN lang=EN-US>M</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> Ω=2π·n/60</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black"> P=2πnM/60</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">其<SPAN lang=EN-US>P</SPAN>為功率單位為瓦</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 18pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">,,</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">Ω</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3>為每秒角速度,單位為弧度,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>n</SPAN>為每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)速,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>M</SPAN>為力矩單位為牛頓</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">·米</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> P=2</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">π<SPAN lang=EN-US>fM/400(</SPAN>半步工作)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3>其中<SPAN lang=EN-US>f</SPAN>為每秒脈沖數(shù)</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">(</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">簡稱<SPAN lang=EN-US>PPS)</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">(</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">二)、</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">應(yīng)用中的注意點(diǎn)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">1</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">,、</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">步進(jìn)電機(jī)應(yīng)用于低速場合<SPAN lang=EN-US>---</SPAN>每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)速不超過<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000</SPAN>轉(zhuǎn),,(<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度時(shí)<SPAN lang=EN-US>6666PPS)</SPAN>,最好在<SPAN lang=EN-US>1000-3000PPS(0.9</SPAN>度)間使用,,可通過減速裝置使其在此間工作,,此時(shí)電機(jī)工作效率高,,噪音低。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">2</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">,、</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">步進(jìn)電機(jī)最好不使用整步狀態(tài),,整步狀態(tài)時(shí)振動(dòng)大。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">3</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">,、</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">由于歷史原因,,只有標(biāo)稱為<SPAN lang=EN-US>12V</SPAN>電壓的電機(jī)使用<SPAN lang=EN-US>12V</SPAN>外,其他電機(jī)的電壓值不是驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓伏值 ,,可根據(jù)驅(qū)動(dòng)器選擇驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓(建議:<SPAN lang=EN-US>57BYG</SPAN>采用直流<SPAN lang=EN-US>24V-36V</SPAN>,,<SPAN lang=EN-US>86BYG</SPAN>采用直流<SPAN lang=EN-US>50V,110BYG</SPAN>采用高于直流<SPAN lang=EN-US>80V</SPAN>),當(dāng)然<SPAN lang=EN-US>12</SPAN>伏的電壓除<SPAN lang=EN-US>12V</SPAN>恒壓驅(qū)動(dòng)外也可以采用其他驅(qū)動(dòng)電源,, 不過要考慮溫升,。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">4</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">、</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量大的負(fù)載應(yīng)選擇大機(jī)座號(hào)電機(jī),。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">5</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">,、電機(jī)在較高速或大慣量負(fù)載時(shí),一般不在工作速度起動(dòng),,而采用</SPAN></FONT><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">逐漸升頻提速,,一電機(jī)不失步,二可以減少噪音同時(shí)可以提高停止的定位精度,。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><FONT size=3> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">6</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">,、</SPAN><FONT size=3><SPAN style="COLOR: black; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt">高精度時(shí),應(yīng)通過機(jī)械減速,、提高電機(jī)速度<SPAN lang=EN-US>,</SPAN>或采用高細(xì)分?jǐn)?shù)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器來解決,,也可以采用<SPAN lang=EN-US>5</SPAN>相電機(jī),不過其整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的價(jià)格較貴,,生產(chǎn)廠家少,,其被淘汰的說法是外行話。</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">7</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、電機(jī)不應(yīng)在振動(dòng)區(qū)內(nèi)工作,,如若必須可通過改變電壓、電流或加一些阻尼的解決,。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><FONT size=3><FONT face=宋體><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: blue"> </SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black">8</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black">,、電機(jī)在<SPAN lang=EN-US>600PPS</SPAN>(<SPAN lang=EN-US>0.9</SPAN>度)以下工作,應(yīng)采用小電流,、大電感,、低電壓來驅(qū)動(dòng)。<SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=EN-US style="COLOR: black"><FONT face="Times New Roman"> 9</FONT></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋體; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、應(yīng)遵循先選電機(jī)后選驅(qū)動(dòng)的原則,。</SPAN></FONT></P> |
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