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物料科學(xué)# u V& _- y8 F4 K* G
Material Science
1 A9 u7 {& g/ K物料科學(xué)定義Material Science Definition) L% v: [% }; Q0 k3 u' |, I# ]
加工性能 ! z3 G# C. w9 Z# P8 C3 @/ _/ V
Machinability
3 Z/ f! \; O' M- M強(qiáng)度2 E! i$ M7 i# W5 ` p
Strength" M) ~5 k$ Q4 J3 j" G/ v" ~0 J
抗腐蝕及耐用 6 O2 t/ q" W( d" V, W
Corrosion & resistance durability
* s" n, [! H" u/ j) {+ D金屬特性
) [9 \# d" r( P$ }# f+ bSpecial metallic features0 `! j1 k, @# x
抗敏感及環(huán)境保護(hù) h- b! B' ^: N- E5 n! @
Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection) D) L0 |# R) l% N( z
化學(xué)元素 & m' p u, ~7 k+ P1 s# N3 O; O! m" L. Q
Chemical element6 n( @$ H* L* _* `, E
元素的原子序數(shù) y( A# E$ u& i4 r1 l' \
Atom of Elements% }3 Y# i; {' x' B/ I+ f7 \
原子及固體物質(zhì)
U' M* p% x/ W; _. MAtom and solid material
# t% J6 Z& }" n- T原子的組成,、大小,、體積和單位圖表
: d" V5 F- p7 gThe size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)
. e) [1 Z g1 }' [; x原子的組織圖
& `$ l4 |- X) y/ C. O g+ kAtom Constitutes
4 k8 n$ j+ K Y/ }% \周期表: A; I" W/ {( l- a# C* P4 s
Periodic Table 9 J. v0 q$ Z& |& w4 T; J$ C
原子鍵結(jié)
' x# L Z& D& {: _5 }Atom Bonding $ h/ \ Z: R; G( b1 E
金屬與合金 Metal and Alloy; e5 S- u& J& g$ a m% k; v
鐵及非鐵金屬
* Y6 m9 U0 h7 Z, `) U- TFerrous & Non Ferrous Metal# g5 f9 B' a- C6 f; t3 z9 g+ r
金屬的特性 " Y% U, \4 D- h7 c/ Z
Features of Metal
1 a% A+ u$ \7 b2 W3 D晶體結(jié)構(gòu) Crystal Pattern
: @" z5 _2 Z s6 D6 C) O, Z晶體結(jié)構(gòu),,定向格子及單位晶格 + b/ w% m1 i5 D
Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell
4 B7 ]. v" {3 f4 W6 jX線(xiàn)結(jié)晶分析法
* m1 j/ c$ {% i# z/ fX – ray crystal analyics method / n) i5 r" T0 @: Y' U! d
金屬結(jié)晶格子 Metal space lattice& B4 J `1 b$ X$ \4 f: S# C8 N
格子常數(shù) Lattice constant G2 ?1 h. x0 t6 e2 c8 `! l
米勒指數(shù) Mill's Index
2 \3 v6 l# H9 j% c) z金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule" Q0 p; g4 l% _. B2 V. J3 ~" m
固熔體 Solid solution 9 t( \3 t( @) i8 w+ c1 w) U
置換型固熔體 Substitutional type solid solution - e* n- ^4 k3 m* Q2 G" d/ }8 }: P4 S
插入型固熔體 Interstital solid solution 4 u: v) _' c2 \) Y6 `, [
金屬間化物 Intermetallic compound 1 y$ n- ~1 x2 C1 y: H8 e
金屬變態(tài) 7 c* ]4 D6 Y% t/ @" |' z5 M$ @ e+ P
Transformation
) m9 M F6 @% b: U1 o變態(tài)點(diǎn) + d1 W3 y3 B: r) D: _8 P8 t- R
Transformation Point; C3 H1 U( O3 T: e
磁性變態(tài)
6 g" u% D6 F2 Z" bMagnetic Transformation
: G7 ?$ E- ]' m# g同素變態(tài), @9 D/ ^9 z. t, h( p+ e1 X$ X
Allotropic Transformation7 {& p! Z7 N- Z, Z$ j: C: _! J
合金平衡狀態(tài)
' x- T1 `4 Y# |# A$ WThermal Equilibrium : f5 Q6 O) E$ m& L
相律
) b! H4 \0 e5 z) D9 }Phase Rule
, l6 H9 L, B' N* w! j: h: L; J; [自由度
4 _& V! |. @) i& W/ T% o0 uDegree of freedom
* f! O5 o l* K0 z" a0 }臨界溫度 ' _0 k0 E% k! J8 J. W
Critical temperture
' c6 b( w5 C) N: S* h; c共晶# F5 @; h, z. g6 [ J# |1 m! x' f- ]' V
Eutectic # ?% Q$ d/ H3 ~' ~! f3 ^
包晶溫度 Peritectic Temperature2 g5 N, j/ I* X2 Z
包晶反應(yīng) Peritectic Reaction
* g4 | W/ F2 S/ g: a包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy
* U: Y4 L3 v4 J0 ]: i- M亞共晶體 Hypoeutetic Alloy
( b* j; t9 ^; l; A5 \! ~過(guò)共晶體 Hyper-ectectic Alloy
! s1 O( X+ T5 t( x- p6 V金屬的相融,、相融溫度,、晶體反應(yīng)及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反應(yīng)的比較
2 p$ C; e, c+ }! K# K. N( @Equilibrium Comparision ) @5 E# g' U4 G
金屬塑性 Plastic Deformation
: w) I h1 n3 u滑動(dòng)面 Slip Plan
$ k# v" R9 r# L畸變 Distortion
: J6 c3 k, x, ~0 t硬化 Work Hardening
, A2 y0 G p, |% z退火 Annealing
9 i+ o1 t. o# s回復(fù)柔軟 Crystal Recovery4 U) I. v7 f; J# r3 ^1 r& h9 x
再結(jié)晶 Recrystallization+ L/ r5 y. n& l6 F* T4 L& d
金屬材料的性能及試驗(yàn) 5 P/ m X( ^1 ~! g( g
Properties & testing of metal ; B9 k7 V( ~$ w2 q, W& y: y
化學(xué)性能
( i s) c9 f+ H9 h1 EChemical Properties
/ N F/ ?, X3 g4 m5 H: [' y! W物理性能 0 u+ d, f, v/ L
Physical Properties! T. y, }5 v, U# M, {
顏色
' ~# U8 h* E. ?$ Z s! [/ BColour7 P: U1 e0 y8 s) p
磁性
; |& X% ~' F' N, SMagnetisum
' U; |. X) U. \% L; F6 B% s/ f2 L比電阻
3 `3 ~1 n: K& PSpecific resistivity & specific resistance
/ |0 B, O0 q8 Z% l比重
) {1 u( ]1 j+ [8 K( B, D( _Specific gravity & specific density
. X$ M7 p) ], s3 L Y2 e- E o. q比熱
; m6 a7 W! p! V% q0 K' W" tSpecific Heat! I- G) N# s/ e- n
熱膨脹系數(shù) - D/ j) y r0 d* U" I4 o( t
Coefficient of thermal expansion 6 _! Q2 |0 O( |( A' V1 ^9 C# T# W: N: X
導(dǎo)熱度
! c, v+ A9 w- k" W; K- bHeat conductivity
" E; q# ^( N$ m8 v# v# k& m0 f機(jī)械性能 Mechanical properties; s6 u' v ?1 g$ A
屈服強(qiáng)度(降伏強(qiáng)度) (Yield strangth)+ J; I# x; w; h$ {! U1 ]) A" f% _
彈性限度,、陽(yáng)氏彈性系數(shù)及屈服點(diǎn) " I0 ]% W7 u( W% k: O! u8 t
elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point ; `9 U& Q: T" r+ X& |1 T( J( F3 b5 ^
伸長(zhǎng)度 M c5 f6 \$ o2 ]" y
Elongation - l( E- Q, Q! R7 d
斷面縮率
3 i8 C+ x& V9 ? S# _- GReduction of area% J( c, g/ M, f
金屬材料的試驗(yàn)方法7 P/ W3 Z6 R+ f; \: Z6 o+ `( G
The Method of Metal inspection 9 h2 b9 @, M. ?8 }, p& l( B' C
不破壞檢驗(yàn)( P3 Q; q7 z2 W2 e# \! a! l% z
Non – destructive inspections9 G( N' ^2 ~" f' M$ q4 y7 {5 i
滲透探傷法 7 S9 v( _2 w' m7 ?4 d/ Z* r: j1 k0 f
Penetrate inspection
" v" h' Y5 z% O: N; ^磁粉探傷法
6 s2 x: T! X, O+ \+ c, g$ NMagnetic particle inspection
: \+ A! P+ ^5 P3 d: ~0 \* K放射線(xiàn)探傷法
: s: w+ f3 P5 _) ? j- {Radiographic inspection 8 c3 a$ P* Q$ ~) ^
超聲波探傷法2 r& Z9 O9 f5 b; k
Ultrasonic inspection 5 G L( }" E. O" O S
顯微觀(guān)察法 0 d( h J4 v7 D* I
Microscopic inspection
4 ~$ g( L# @- l/ @6 Q6 i破壞的檢驗(yàn) ; k1 b# L" b" e9 r/ F3 |
Destructive Inspection4 q# O8 N2 ?% J# F0 } G# G9 R
沖擊測(cè)試9 W9 f& N* P9 @6 k3 y& \' b
Impact Test+ Q+ s' {, x3 N4 Q% R
疲勞測(cè)試 5 T! s3 a! K+ R: q* e2 H' o
Fatigue Test
: w& H T% r- d: x9 w潛變測(cè)試 Creep Test
+ `% m/ _0 r, Y. A* F潛變強(qiáng)度
+ h4 D6 S$ U. U" `1 {& q, ~Creeps Strength 3 b2 n7 v) X9 d
第壹潛變期
" }. a% F3 A' ]5 \8 VPrimary Creep8 N0 C- v5 q# @! f4 h/ ^
第二潛變期
; j+ }* N8 j7 aSecondary Creep
% R s C6 N6 U) l第三潛變期4 o( T& ?+ @6 ~; m! F! X/ }
Tertiary Creep
& J6 U6 @4 k& |主要金屬元素之物理性質(zhì)! [( }) y& }# f) B! t, ?* Z
Physical properties of major Metal Elements, l' F4 k+ t) }, n
工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)格 – 鐵及非鐵金屬
+ f H5 ? \, uIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal + T- |2 y I, {5 B; r6 Q2 `
磁力 Magnetic0 R' n" D+ c$ B' g7 Z
簡(jiǎn)介 General 6 E% Q/ @9 p# }) `+ s/ Y# l `
軟磁 Soft Magnetic
. z4 b0 h* A' v' `1 Q硬磁 Hard Magnetic
. E% i7 b6 R9 v磁場(chǎng) Magnetic Field: m3 h1 A% _/ H
磁性感應(yīng) Magnetic Induction ^+ S4 j2 ?+ e9 E4 l
透磁度 Magnetic Permeability
8 e$ g& k9 R! C+ {8 q磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)
: }9 N& d! V9 R# f; ]$ ]5 N磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁場(chǎng)(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的電子(Electron)活動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生
5 W$ a7 K, \. z1 A) o6 E! Z; Z抗磁體,、順磁體、鐵磁體,、反鐵磁體及亞鐵磁體
" @4 O g" C5 g) Z; E S5 i {Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 6 b) S% k6 E) f, w! X
抗磁體 Diamagnetism
( A; y8 s0 A1 \) Q8 |2 {, Z* {; k磁偶極子 Dipole# g9 ?! J$ u2 Z! P( H8 c
負(fù)磁力效應(yīng) Negative effect
: x9 G2 ]9 H. W+ H順磁體 Paramagnetic7 ^( l* I' d- g# a/ `
正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility
3 f* _9 G. D) a: u; R% T鐵磁體 Ferromagnetism
4 q% ^( q5 A) _. `轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)?Transition element. @( Z I$ |) ?
交換能量 Positive energy exchange$ y3 a7 x' R* h' b
外價(jià)電子 Outer valence electrons/ _, K6 u6 U" |6 W: [. [
化學(xué)結(jié)合 Chemical bond9 A i4 D# J, c r% q6 @0 d
自發(fā)上磁 Spontaneous magnetization. A d# z% w0 m( ?$ K) m
磁疇 Magnetic domain8 {* ^9 G( m& v
相反旋轉(zhuǎn) Opposite span
8 Y2 ?' d3 `8 u比較抗磁體,、順磁體及鐵磁體
j8 W# A( T4 u) VComparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism
3 N8 @0 F+ |$ ?( [& z反鐵磁體 Antiferromagnetism . m' ?# a F1 H& |& ~' I' a& ~
亞鐵磁體 Ferrimagnetism
. X4 }' q. l$ Q磁矩 magnetic moment( W1 B, K/ ]7 U0 l; Q1 |8 |5 y
凈磁矩 Net magnetic moment3 ^8 N. P6 x& p# g% C; W& V
鋼鐵的主要成份
9 K/ Y- l- G* f$ V2 {1 AThe major element of steel
/ _4 \6 H N6 M1 |: C5 t鋼鐵用"碳"之含量來(lái)分類(lèi)
- ^/ S7 l3 N; S2 ?Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents5 P( A s0 b! X, P8 D- F
鐵相 2 S+ M. N2 i! J$ }
Steel Phases6 Y. z. Y, X3 Y* @, O' H
鋼鐵的名稱(chēng)+ ~. ` e1 K2 A1 n
Name of steel- }. C% P5 v4 n' ~
純鐵體+ T2 ? O3 g" ^
Ferrite# g6 p: I) L6 v, U2 `
滲碳體' o2 r' z7 X9 o
Cementitle4 ]# Q6 l+ U( m3 N, F' J& q
奧氏體 Austenite* B! z: D, N b3 _- x
珠光體及共釋鋼 ; T1 O5 t0 m! V+ `; O! o
Pearlite &Eutectoid
8 k2 F* [# q* G# V; L奧氏體碳鋼 9 Y8 v! t% F. L% W: n( I, a2 b- j/ ^
Austenite Carbon Steel / B- a" M H2 w) u
單相金屬
: B0 l. N& w6 `) J k9 r+ \8 zSingle Phase Metal
1 c2 l9 q5 A5 Y! f; m9 r# D3 f共釋變態(tài) o& z `8 s9 P6 V4 ^* ]' e
Eutectoid Transformation 8 L' u, N" E' ~# E" B
珠光體 Pearlite
) X9 W, n" `# n3 \- H亞鐵釋體 1 P0 V( x/ l: a
Hyppo-Eutectoid
" F* U/ L5 G3 n, z初釋純鐵體 Pro-entectoid ferrite I( u$ u3 h( [5 ^! o, I- r
過(guò)共釋鋼 Hype-eutectoid
, [/ Q% @- s, e! K# h9 o: @珠光體 ; p* L' U: _$ _0 x2 P, ]) t( o) w; M
Pearlite , F M( z: g! x4 ]" G$ x
粗珠光體 Coarse pearlite% W- A* G8 j6 y" m% X% s6 a
中珠光體 Medium pearlite* g. _9 T0 G# ^$ z9 j
幼珠光體 Fine pearlite
( `& v& c. A/ K+ h: i* o; K2 i2 e磁性變態(tài)點(diǎn) Magnetic Transformation
) T9 a1 {# x7 O- w4 M( Z. V5 D# D- _鋼鐵的制造
$ ~1 S8 y2 U7 o: S b8 kManufacturing of Steel
/ W$ N! o) V$ i' e2 [連續(xù)鑄造法 Continuous casting process
" n5 Y. G. f* t2 V+ F( V電爐 Electric furnace
' s: A J; G5 Y$ x% s$ [$ U3 z# j均熱爐 Soaking pit
8 L# g. v6 N, i7 X, A" c7 x' ^全靜鋼 Killed steel0 q" J) }- v( G/ Q& @/ U
半靜鋼 Semi-killed steel% \2 i3 Q4 B' x* a
沸騰鋼(未凈鋼) Rimmed steel
& t- R0 n. O- @$ J鋼鐵生產(chǎn)流程 Steel Production Flow Chart
. c. o6 T5 `8 o" _9 j9 C鋼材的熔鑄、鍛造,、擠壓及延軋$ o+ w; N5 J: o. `; x, f9 }
The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel
- K; }7 K0 w1 q$ F" H4 J熔鑄 Casting
0 y9 n3 i; H: F鍛造 Fogging
. ~; M. F- l/ F) K) x擠壓 Extrusion
% v7 C- g+ F I/ P N延軋 Rolling! w4 a9 C/ D) n5 n5 h) w
沖剪 Drawing & stamping& x6 N( Z+ O/ `3 Y- K
特殊鋼 Special Steel
9 {9 u$ I) Y1 [/ [7 d) I. Z$ x簡(jiǎn)介
; N) B$ H; P4 b/ K# ?' ZGeneral& ~0 |& _ v2 B: j# a I r+ H: [
特殊鋼以原素分類(lèi)
r. ~ E& a: f/ \7 x4 dClassification of Special Steel according to Element 2 o7 J6 f4 F0 e: q2 k
特殊鋼以用途來(lái)分類(lèi) 5 U4 C" F9 Z6 D# t7 e" e0 a7 [
Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage
0 ^2 h: c# T0 V$ p& U易車(chē)(快削)不銹鋼 4 P6 e/ [; T4 P8 Z( t
Free Cutting Stainless Steel
) y$ _" N. J2 P) I: W# _" n: H3 F含鉛易車(chē)鋼
+ D( ] T: T8 `$ l; i JLeaded Free Cutting Steel 7 X+ k, ?, r( @0 a
含硫易車(chē)鋼 ) S4 }: I- N' y/ Y" ~) I
Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel
% H( i( K- V- L硬化性能
# l: ?: T* `; ^Hardenability
3 V' R/ L1 B4 j7 K3 P鋼的脆性
* g+ }5 P9 Q% {0 r' dBrittleness of Steel 1 V8 w$ @4 N! p& E( [+ Z G; i
低溫脆性 Cold brittleness3 Q( w9 P* |/ U+ ^. M" `
回火脆性 Temper brittleness ; u! l5 n0 k% }' w. U" u7 O& ~% t
日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的特殊鋼材* q: y! ~0 A6 b6 _6 I
Specail Steel according to JIS Standard 6 Z1 Z1 Q7 d" I; W& p4 ?
鉻鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G4104
% _( b4 ~+ }3 d# KChrome steel to JIS G4104
$ ?0 B" ?9 I- p U# p% S, a4 G1 x鉻鉬鋼鋼材 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4105 62
+ o7 Y0 R# T/ s4 l- M oChrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 * c2 E% y8 ^1 g) Z
鎳鉻 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4102 63/ H! C( C* Q0 E) t
Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102
5 Y& p+ i2 e6 p, B1 r: w$ |鎳鉻鉬鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4103 64
& M$ `2 [- J! i# I# K* c1 hNickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 8 d' j. g& U/ D- ^
高錳鋼鑄 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn); l7 |! x( z$ U- r9 @9 G( b8 o
High manganese steel to JIS standard : {# I' O6 Y1 y. K9 ]6 N3 v
片及板材
% b. |0 E( u& B# k' ^) W6 j) h# CChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate
" ]- y( U5 h; y/ [. C6 G h( `冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)(日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G3141) 73 - 95) n& ?$ s5 g1 F- f; x
Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)
# W. G; H% `/ ^- v( T簡(jiǎn)介2 B u$ ^9 m: w; d q
General
" Y# {5 V( x, Z美材試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的冷轆低碳鋼片2 s& H, Z' ^6 H, ]1 y& n) ^
Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)
' ] [! v5 l# n2 S) f3 m; g日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JIS G3141冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)的編號(hào)淺釋 4 i+ T! t6 v( U; y5 M
Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141
3 R% [1 ~5 b. D$ H# m$ o2 ^材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity, i' O7 u6 ?5 a, P7 N4 w' M6 Y5 P7 Q
硬度 Hardness
. i' \' H$ C3 C; x+ o, Y& X% b4 w表面處理 Surface finish' ~" o7 E6 R: i$ {
冷轆鋼捆片及張片制作流程圖表 a; ^$ S1 T# b: ?0 z' V- k/ W: O
Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet
/ ^* D1 @" u: J3 w R# U8 p冷轆鋼捆片及張片的電鍍和印刷方法
* B. R; }8 p0 K9 m' T2 OCold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method
+ l( z* i3 A: g: t( S. u6 x冷轆(低碳)鋼片的分類(lèi)用,、途、工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),、品質(zhì),、加熱狀態(tài)及硬度表
4 `/ A. h6 D9 H5 n! D% KEnd usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 4 F) W4 s3 q0 n: e$ }
硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test
. Q6 m# T* g9 `' }8 D# H拉伸測(cè)試(順紋測(cè)試)) `/ O4 x7 o6 t) m8 R
Elongation test
: W6 U5 D" H# E, m" Y杯突測(cè)試(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘,準(zhǔn)確至0.1公厘 3個(gè)試片平均數(shù))
) Q& b" Y N5 H. M& FErichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)
# {4 J4 v; |, C! U4 \- ]9 r曲面(假曲率) |
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