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物料科學(xué)
9 R) O1 g$ ~1 h8 s) uMaterial Science
% U8 T' d( A( x) B! a3 Q" j7 Z物料科學(xué)定義Material Science Definition6 \$ v* V4 R# n: |* ?/ Q
加工性能 $ J i1 b" g' ~: k7 Y" \
Machinability/ `# _: e% F9 g! J: `+ R! q) A
強(qiáng)度5 E' G1 V' v6 f) k
Strength
3 S& {4 X3 T7 X2 X: t1 Q抗腐蝕及耐用 - X9 c3 m7 e1 e/ F4 N1 D
Corrosion & resistance durability/ P- k* `- O' J' \. ~8 \! _6 t
金屬特性
7 V3 E7 o6 h0 X QSpecial metallic features
+ o6 \- i* ~5 c; J& U+ K5 m/ d抗敏感及環(huán)境保護(hù)
1 U4 d9 E" }7 `Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection, c: r& l2 F3 O, k- E& B
化學(xué)元素
0 c; d3 x4 m. m8 [* F: z1 CChemical element
5 K C: l6 Y) W. U元素的原子序數(shù) # n; {: R4 n4 n8 F. E# A, M
Atom of Elements
6 ?( ^$ U4 Z* Z; w9 l' h原子及固體物質(zhì) , l. f, R% e* F1 E
Atom and solid material% S4 Z' g# f# f8 z9 V6 g, L
原子的組成、大小,、體積和單位圖表
. }# _/ A& u) i: g! Y: xThe size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)
) {- U T% H% y原子的組織圖
; q, S3 w" l- G: iAtom Constitutes / h3 I) d& G, {5 S5 z' m
周期表
+ E$ U0 D D" X; ePeriodic Table 2 F4 n, ]8 m+ [# W. n4 g
原子鍵結(jié) # D+ f0 q. V4 S. @: c1 n& S, s
Atom Bonding , B0 |8 [# h+ o5 I6 c
金屬與合金 Metal and Alloy( L _' p; A' Z: o+ a& P$ O9 ]
鐵及非鐵金屬! } ^( f8 ]& n# X
Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal
% L2 }1 D6 W0 J/ e- V4 y( V$ D金屬的特性
2 p, s4 B- k4 a6 ^7 \' |7 d9 NFeatures of Metal
% Y& E2 e% ^: x& m$ j0 x/ O晶體結(jié)構(gòu) Crystal Pattern
' g& n9 ]! r, f" j- ~, w晶體結(jié)構(gòu)，定向格子及單位晶格
: C( D+ |7 h( D& @0 O0 T, PCrystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell
$ ?. `- Q, ?: T% Z) DX線結(jié)晶分析法 & i# k9 G# w4 w' y7 S. C3 M
X – ray crystal analyics method " y# H! U# v/ G* f- @
金屬結(jié)晶格子 Metal space lattice
% |5 A# g* v" L$ `格子常數(shù) Lattice constant + w& o/ a( Z: z2 B, H3 e. ~
米勒指數(shù) Mill's Index; {, N R+ H/ A' K" I0 M# F5 z
金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule7 v- i) S4 i( l& Z- T6 _
固熔體 Solid solution 2 A4 w( T5 M/ \, X7 b% n: n9 i
置換型固熔體 Substitutional type solid solution
; P0 d9 Y+ ^! v0 H& O插入型固熔體 Interstital solid solution
. }$ E% k9 i" u金屬間化物 Intermetallic compound ) S+ r6 }2 C! [' x; |! u6 j
金屬變態(tài) ! V. u9 f/ K: A2 Z/ p( G
Transformation
" A; [) ~ b! T% {變態(tài)點(diǎn) # j5 t8 y1 u5 n
Transformation Point
- |' F% \9 O$ U& y' T t& U* c3 a磁性變態(tài)
; F5 c0 \+ `9 i0 u% f6 xMagnetic Transformation
7 W' a# ^+ f1 g( M6 Z0 _( q' N7 v2 w同素變態(tài)
& k' ~* k* E# W9 Y3 VAllotropic Transformation
0 M( l4 ~% P" h3 z3 _# T5 j合金平衡狀態(tài)
. C* N; a( G0 p& kThermal Equilibrium
7 s+ d9 E9 U; d" H b% I相律
, F0 h, n( @; Z; ` G- G3 V9 \Phase Rule* C9 r7 G+ Y ~
自由度
9 s8 X- _( z$ f3 M# A. ^Degree of freedom % C2 l( H% ^) ?. o
臨界溫度 2 ~2 ^- ~# I! U8 t! {% p
Critical temperture
2 y2 ^+ { }6 Z共晶; u; Y- w0 K2 Q; ?
Eutectic : w3 z6 E6 q+ Y% `0 s# @, y& ^
包晶溫度 Peritectic Temperature
2 s7 a/ h: [& Q1 K包晶反應(yīng) Peritectic Reaction
3 F7 N7 M1 U, {# M' n+ J包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy
, O' c: e( e$ L2 a& y+ k亞共晶體 Hypoeutetic Alloy
' O6 `) }: H0 B: _過(guò)共晶體 Hyper-ectectic Alloy) u% t/ @) \2 k) X/ {5 h. K
金屬的相融,、相融溫度,、晶體反應(yīng)及合金在共晶合金,、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反應(yīng)的比較
. H* R5 Q2 ^8 P, S% g3 E/ P7 LEquilibrium Comparision
9 Y4 b4 {! u6 Q金屬塑性 Plastic Deformation * i6 K$ l, ^) w7 P2 D4 f
滑動(dòng)面 Slip Plan
5 F0 i9 h3 F! q1 e4 N1 n2 b畸變 Distortion
P2 ?. O: [3 C4 J) u. \硬化 Work Hardening
+ l' A4 G* ]/ g$ b. A ?退火 Annealing
2 X6 O) B" S8 P2 y9 f& J回復(fù)柔軟 Crystal Recovery
* D W% X5 P% n3 b再結(jié)晶 Recrystallization! @9 h. j2 X) q
金屬材料的性能及試驗(yàn)
/ e5 u- H% @) z* C* R; yProperties & testing of metal : q- p& @9 l: \0 j1 D, p7 D
化學(xué)性能
3 [" ^$ }0 q2 {( t+ BChemical Properties; z& q& O! E- x( A4 R4 X
物理性能 * S4 a3 l2 ^: ]( g8 o
Physical Properties+ x( w" G. T. D
顏色 7 P% k, y6 ^6 ^2 B' D
Colour
+ c9 Q# S3 p0 ~! D磁性 9 S* e" U" `- a$ l5 L+ F5 k
Magnetisum # W! a9 Q+ b5 u' a* z8 L
比電阻
5 V, g; ~& @7 p/ H, o) gSpecific resistivity & specific resistance O3 m1 ]! k! Q8 f- x! w/ |& {
比重2 v+ t _8 ~: A6 a. I
Specific gravity & specific density
( w0 G: o! ]( I) }3 o比熱
! N% I5 ^1 |0 h- G! I4 nSpecific Heat
4 }. p: h% x9 x熱膨脹系數(shù) 7 ~7 y* [7 [1 S/ e. d4 P1 `6 |2 x: r
Coefficient of thermal expansion
$ |: p" f3 \5 ^7 A0 d導(dǎo)熱度0 e0 r/ Z* g- i0 E7 e8 f" K! w& c7 [
Heat conductivity
- d: o. ~, A+ ? d$ z機(jī)械性能 Mechanical properties
& B, Z: \6 V% N+ E- Y1 c f+ J屈服強(qiáng)度(降伏強(qiáng)度) (Yield strangth)
% G* k( M# O1 y# f8 B4 T. z彈性限度,、陽(yáng)氏彈性系數(shù)及屈服點(diǎn) ; e0 ]) L9 \( R/ I; W* u# t3 N8 p% W+ [# j
elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point ; m& n# K9 T8 }7 n2 o
伸長(zhǎng)度 G1 ?' a' w; x4 M% C9 _% j/ x+ C
Elongation
- z# E u& K4 ?斷面縮率) Q6 L; Q k. W9 q6 P: |0 l
Reduction of area
) }( v7 \6 a9 B0 D. @金屬材料的試驗(yàn)方法
. z+ F& A# n3 \% K+ a" N4 DThe Method of Metal inspection 1 e; w; ~) U6 O& \. K, f& f
不破壞檢驗(yàn)
# U; W- m, w' T U! kNon – destructive inspections5 e5 S* T0 `6 f) r
滲透探傷法 ; q# t" K1 ]' Q7 c& q# x0 {
Penetrate inspection 4 F# P6 w/ o/ g
磁粉探傷法 4 F& t" p) ?) ?- \
Magnetic particle inspection- _! R/ J+ n, h1 I; f3 H
放射線探傷法* N: w, l- R, `, o, q
Radiographic inspection
3 ]( g G1 Z# F% `超聲波探傷法
! K V$ a: K6 {3 M( D3 w/ _Ultrasonic inspection ! v! m/ R3 P; w1 R" z) k
顯微觀察法 ( Z- n j9 K* W9 A
Microscopic inspection
) W1 |2 R& k8 h1 F) N5 I7 A7 a6 P破壞的檢驗(yàn)
8 {4 t6 ]5 V z- g4 J7 SDestructive Inspection: S' a( s6 {9 v# M+ z; E
沖擊測(cè)試- g, i9 {1 q, o+ z$ B* h
Impact Test
0 u( _2 \; x7 S4 a; ^疲勞測(cè)試
$ F, `; k/ i9 W3 P% OFatigue Test
) F- f2 {2 L, z潛變測(cè)試 Creep Test. q- f3 W ?* c
潛變強(qiáng)度
+ M O* B# o7 v b* e2 L4 i% uCreeps Strength / c( \6 b8 C. O; @$ B' F
第壹潛變期 + j8 \2 A1 z- s) S
Primary Creep3 v0 N/ T* `: J7 {
第二潛變期
/ G8 v! E; m: n$ W8 _/ P& PSecondary Creep
m/ F- F [4 P0 a1 \1 k, f2 I第三潛變期
- M2 K2 E# u9 B! X" \Tertiary Creep
" x8 s4 X1 r( ]" z0 P4 E. N主要金屬元素之物理性質(zhì)
1 o/ B. Z. }+ G) f E; e2 C N3 `) LPhysical properties of major Metal Elements( U, y( y. z, Y, k) ^
工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)格 – 鐵及非鐵金屬
" @# R2 f$ L) V2 H- C& V/ o8 u' w wIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal 9 @" Y6 S# s5 C* C8 X' z
磁力 Magnetic$ r) ?- N4 _! y7 E7 [
簡(jiǎn)介 General 0 M9 ~# D; n* p4 {2 J* p4 A
軟磁 Soft Magnetic
6 v) c* S& B, l" Y4 X硬磁 Hard Magnetic
( d- `9 V Z; ?, g2 O磁場(chǎng) Magnetic Field
0 Q) U9 I+ d- R! G+ e5 N# n磁性感應(yīng) Magnetic Induction* p# D8 @' |! G* j2 [2 M/ f
透磁度 Magnetic Permeability. \! K6 L! d Y5 m$ p
磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)
! ?) ^) c/ M9 @1 z, h磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁場(chǎng)(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的電子(Electron)活動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生
% w( p( d+ J% b3 E抗磁體,、順磁體、鐵磁體,、反鐵磁體及亞鐵磁體 + N' B" ?! [) }" h' n- h$ v7 B
Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism , x* h$ F6 r: `: p
抗磁體 Diamagnetism8 L" c. q' ]. E9 W4 E+ D- A& N* _ R
磁偶極子 Dipole# [# q/ T1 D) D2 n. t, O
負(fù)磁力效應(yīng) Negative effect
E/ ^8 a! Y; x! S7 V8 b順磁體 Paramagnetic# P! [9 `3 J+ A! U: T: A
正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility
+ f3 k. e4 t. y* R鐵磁體 Ferromagnetism
& W, i: j, J- L# P! L( c; m轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)?Transition element* I8 L% I" y. m; ?) V$ ?* U. h( a
交換能量 Positive energy exchange1 O$ l" v; t- i2 D
外價(jià)電子 Outer valence electrons$ R8 x" C1 b: l! Y0 i
化學(xué)結(jié)合 Chemical bond
6 ]! F4 y* G3 `- i6 f自發(fā)上磁 Spontaneous magnetization6 e( Y6 W5 Z! e, D6 Q: D+ i/ y
磁疇 Magnetic domain+ P9 G5 x/ |, e- f+ F
相反旋轉(zhuǎn) Opposite span
1 h$ n( r) S9 f( j7 V( Y7 G: t比較抗磁體,、順磁體及鐵磁體 9 }0 @! x% @/ [% Y8 y0 k8 C( g
Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism 6 N5 R* r$ w1 h% m. Q( u: M4 W1 x
反鐵磁體 Antiferromagnetism
- b; M1 E: u0 L2 _# }. j1 l亞鐵磁體 Ferrimagnetism
. z5 ^5 J7 _4 u# X! f/ [# h磁矩 magnetic moment
0 ~( H5 Z8 {% U/ H! ^; W凈磁矩 Net magnetic moment* ]/ H! z; i5 ~6 |: t& o
鋼鐵的主要成份
0 ^% A2 \& v( S3 k% MThe major element of steel $ r- @: r4 @ F# r
鋼鐵用"碳"之含量來(lái)分類(lèi), ]" O3 t2 Q) i6 n8 ]7 d2 B# d
Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents: I$ T6 z4 D2 d! s
鐵相
, I$ Q7 K- [2 C8 Z P! ASteel Phases
. v4 n) C N5 e! f鋼鐵的名稱(chēng)
/ w. x2 n% n8 \Name of steel+ R: u) {3 L% U# P8 t2 A Z
純鐵體+ B% v! B/ l& h( S+ _5 Z
Ferrite0 w, c& d# [, ^ i
滲碳體+ |: h- D H& q7 R. N$ _4 i
Cementitle
* n( o" G; k6 t- r5 R/ P奧氏體 Austenite O3 h$ R3 U. C3 s
珠光體及共釋鋼
9 T' z' @8 u3 E5 v5 g7 C1 tPearlite &Eutectoid
! o- k# K6 R9 a" n% F8 \% m6 A奧氏體碳鋼
1 J3 o' g& R2 \0 r7 WAustenite Carbon Steel
# k6 V' ~# o) o2 ` n6 L3 l單相金屬
8 x- G" A8 |7 g+ e% |' bSingle Phase Metal
$ s9 o/ a; p# B! z' K. l共釋變態(tài)0 h( c" H, s% a2 j9 @
Eutectoid Transformation
- T" o# n0 R$ Y珠光體 Pearlite8 y! |$ I/ U4 c; _# ?( \0 R! A' u
亞鐵釋體 + C& H! G3 @, c. s
Hyppo-Eutectoid
$ i# U' Y2 L2 S2 ~! d K$ h初釋純鐵體 Pro-entectoid ferrite
2 L% Q) v2 B% y# o' r: W過(guò)共釋鋼 Hype-eutectoid 2 [7 o9 B/ O, @- P
珠光體 " C- _) |: k6 V. w$ b
Pearlite - M7 Y& U4 \0 u6 a0 y
粗珠光體 Coarse pearlite v6 \! a0 r e1 Z
中珠光體 Medium pearlite
! d. x7 s; c: U! T' f6 K# `1 O/ z$ J; ~; w幼珠光體 Fine pearlite
7 b# e* O% u3 q) D( R6 v$ {% A磁性變態(tài)點(diǎn) Magnetic Transformation
$ K x) Y3 R; m4 V5 y& ~鋼鐵的制造
}- H0 o- x: f7 ]3 g$ {+ }; T4 HManufacturing of Steel 7 ^9 n F! K! L0 o3 c( i9 W, s
連續(xù)鑄造法 Continuous casting process
: n* q7 ~) t6 D& D電爐 Electric furnace
% s* g7 @2 ]5 P. M% Z% V3 V5 K均熱爐 Soaking pit. D5 x7 ~3 M. b
全靜鋼 Killed steel
0 b* P* O- D4 O: d半靜鋼 Semi-killed steel
# k+ R% X S- O沸騰鋼(未凈鋼) Rimmed steel
7 q; k! T7 U8 C7 d鋼鐵生產(chǎn)流程 Steel Production Flow Chart
2 d- A5 }9 L& n w% W7 A鋼材的熔鑄、鍛造,、擠壓及延軋: e4 O4 q6 V2 b$ l0 o {
The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel . a2 Y7 G# S5 M, j6 p6 i; i
熔鑄 Casting
& x/ e% H3 B0 m& ~鍛造 Fogging$ f* O% F* k2 n+ U6 V' H$ s- e) p |
擠壓 Extrusion3 [8 k( |4 w0 B& ^' y: B( h8 V- n
延軋 Rolling
5 e6 F }5 _9 p4 v沖剪 Drawing & stamping& U, `! ?# U4 z; y N4 {" a+ I9 H' ]0 H
特殊鋼 Special Steel5 M8 q- ]4 @ L; R, b# ~" T
簡(jiǎn)介
% u% h. S; w9 B! ^0 B0 FGeneral
* Z4 F7 @9 d/ q特殊鋼以原素分類(lèi) 6 T0 @# S6 r* {- `2 d
Classification of Special Steel according to Element
; {& _+ p9 r- H0 W( _1 ?- p特殊鋼以用途來(lái)分類(lèi)
0 Y% t- S7 f8 b& x; E3 X2 A4 bClassification of Special Steel according to End Usage
6 N' w+ N2 ]# k- K易車(chē)(快削)不銹鋼 0 p% K4 D6 k1 n1 `' b
Free Cutting Stainless Steel ! N9 ~7 l+ }# e, K. t9 Q, s
含鉛易車(chē)鋼 2 @5 E" x1 z3 C3 k, A1 ^
Leaded Free Cutting Steel
) W' _7 T2 M R$ a% e8 \含硫易車(chē)鋼
! i: b) N" G I8 e ^% CSulphuric Free Cutting Steel
# ]3 p0 y) H( E1 f# h2 U硬化性能
, b% b' X7 \- HHardenability
8 g6 W! Y1 j1 [& O3 C鋼的脆性" p* U v. T( y0 \: a4 U
Brittleness of Steel
% i( v# v7 A+ `6 _" @6 e/ u$ j低溫脆性 Cold brittleness
& `4 Z( S& t [. E回火脆性 Temper brittleness
$ ?' P& V: f' U) c7 W. {- ^日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的特殊鋼材
: e% g: e1 x, TSpecail Steel according to JIS Standard
( U4 R0 N4 s/ Z3 `1 o% w) u7 v4 R鉻鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G4104
. N8 U$ R# t2 BChrome steel to JIS G4104
# n) C* V! i3 I鉻鉬鋼鋼材 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4105 62
* |$ G w+ ]1 u6 ~5 SChrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105 4 R: o8 I: E3 F7 d1 [
鎳鉻 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4102 63
0 n& ^; B3 ~; L$ ^Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102 0 E% c9 s# u! [& G
鎳鉻鉬鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4103 64
+ g" @- V) x! V1 b1 o- P- ?# p* [' XNickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103 & i: b6 p* z! Y6 A# }) W4 }# L
高錳鋼鑄 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1 u- F1 e: L: f/ F" |4 T9 W( Y
High manganese steel to JIS standard - d2 e: d$ h8 E+ I' ~
片及板材
* G) \& G) m! }0 i/ R0 A4 OChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate
: X. ^1 P. O6 p1 y$ T冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)(日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G3141) 73 - 95: ?+ K6 `" t+ [& U% L# ?
Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)' W/ V# `7 C5 Y4 k; F1 _- V, S& a
簡(jiǎn)介
: f+ K1 ], E" e# t5 ~General / ?; g8 W1 G1 \3 n
美材試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的冷轆低碳鋼片7 l2 r% z6 ?- y/ O' o' f9 d
Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM) ! H* l. k9 f, t9 w- J
日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JIS G3141冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)的編號(hào)淺釋
' J& E( L# q* E5 d- f, LDecoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 0 v$ }2 z% t# _ x+ V" M5 y
材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity
2 L5 l# E; s: w% \( X硬度 Hardness
+ L# d1 B% `4 R( p: x表面處理 Surface finish
( R% i& l3 X1 s( P( Q+ q冷轆鋼捆片及張片制作流程圖表
7 D4 T2 K# n) `5 e' e9 \Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet
$ h- k; Q4 J1 w+ s冷轆鋼捆片及張片的電鍍和印刷方法- K& X" _# m1 X* G
Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method
0 R$ o* d! \7 V% a: S) D冷轆(低碳)鋼片的分類(lèi)用,、途、工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),、品質(zhì),、加熱狀態(tài)及硬度表' ?# ?3 D2 Q3 C2 `# T/ |
End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip E: z0 r$ g2 s# ?3 I) Y8 h
硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test2 P2 q2 ~% i* H3 J; Y( @" G, n
拉伸測(cè)試(順紋測(cè)試)
1 n! B1 q* _. p, nElongation test % E6 k2 t* Z% i8 C
杯突測(cè)試(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，準(zhǔn)確至0.1公厘 3個(gè)試片平均數(shù)): t; L& D, s. S4 V: Y- U, s/ w' q
Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)$ k5 q, z) v/ @4 M
曲面(假曲率) |
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發(fā)表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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