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物料科學(xué)
! ~1 O9 ]' ^" j+ r, ZMaterial Science
1 ?# l$ B- A: f6 s9 ]* z物料科學(xué)定義Material Science Definition
; L, [2 c6 `% _9 F7 Z7 c加工性能
( H' j) q( g& x( l" sMachinability0 s+ E1 D2 @( Y0 f1 U6 [& `
強度 y: d, s& r- [- ~
Strength
" J$ ^7 U: }% H ~, v- \$ v抗腐蝕及耐用 7 F6 e( c5 H" {- ]* C/ E
Corrosion & resistance durability) Z( i G( q4 N
金屬特性# k' S3 a$ h, _2 W1 F
Special metallic features
( Y7 \8 H t6 Y% Q2 ^1 K6 u! ]抗敏感及環(huán)境保護 8 r U: |" D& M+ t# R. t L: @
Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection& e, ]- {$ _, _- h" F& H0 G9 ?
化學(xué)元素 0 R! v& t( Q% V1 O
Chemical element2 ~2 {& U/ S! M) Q% ]
元素的原子序數(shù) ! R- Z" M( i1 l; n Y5 M+ X
Atom of Elements
: d) ]& [4 M/ j( \0 k2 {原子及固體物質(zhì)
0 B4 J/ U* T- `/ r" RAtom and solid material1 i! ]- e' P, X
原子的組成,、大小、體積和單位圖表
h6 X' | F% p. S. \, DThe size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)
+ _" @% ?2 N) \& X: J3 I8 s原子的組織圖 8 N3 i' ^* d. U6 I6 }, z7 V1 _# n
Atom Constitutes . l! r5 X5 H @2 y
周期表" D$ r9 A+ D( l. G
Periodic Table
5 B+ \; P+ n9 `6 W ~原子鍵結(jié)
& y4 Y" A8 e$ G7 oAtom Bonding 4 Y( V+ C! I. [4 y$ T2 N0 ?; Y3 I; U& J
金屬與合金 Metal and Alloy
* `4 U2 [4 l7 |9 d% ]鐵及非鐵金屬
n* U5 N) ^5 U- z4 FFerrous & Non Ferrous Metal
, V: L2 ]' x3 J6 [. e! Z金屬的特性
" O2 l; q4 w# m" ~1 V1 N/ A" JFeatures of Metal $ W5 U" V4 }5 @
晶體結(jié)構(gòu) Crystal Pattern 1 N$ n; i& M, F; j' R0 a
晶體結(jié)構(gòu)，定向格子及單位晶格 7 G6 ~6 k, r3 M: V% L
Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell
; w( f5 \/ z6 z! Y vX線結(jié)晶分析法
( q6 {6 w: F/ W$ x3 o1 m) k$ EX – ray crystal analyics method
- P1 B( {! r$ ^金屬結(jié)晶格子 Metal space lattice5 a, s- s5 a1 T( D0 c1 j
格子常數(shù) Lattice constant
% h3 i( N( F0 }0 ^! b7 a% \- [4 p3 O米勒指數(shù) Mill's Index
* Z6 a* H9 f8 P, V& T( y金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule4 q1 h# ^& p4 P l! M$ M
固熔體 Solid solution
+ X5 T9 u, p" t4 B0 c置換型固熔體 Substitutional type solid solution " Y* E8 E6 f/ B1 q8 P- e
插入型固熔體 Interstital solid solution 9 P- n/ S% |& Y, a2 n
金屬間化物 Intermetallic compound . B$ o: W8 e3 P$ |
金屬變態(tài)
; f1 @: B5 e* STransformation
( R, [7 |% p* A7 j% A變態(tài)點 % h6 x1 F3 F; z7 b( Z N+ i7 R* s
Transformation Point
9 J' E7 f8 I5 F. I; @磁性變態(tài)/ [1 J F" `1 ~( n* X/ ^% k% E* m4 S
Magnetic Transformation
5 b% \4 E* M, m& k8 m: i同素變態(tài)
8 D8 t! l0 J1 \Allotropic Transformation* I" L& R, r1 `; m: p& X, \- l+ ?
合金平衡狀態(tài) ' f3 m) f6 e8 h+ h
Thermal Equilibrium 2 `9 P: U/ w+ h! ?: H0 Y
相律$ |4 u. N% v# E8 O
Phase Rule
% ^4 r: |8 Y, N1 C+ S9 f6 ^* e. ]: C自由度
. T2 E5 M( x8 q& w0 b7 G+ Q) Z: uDegree of freedom
1 D% k. e% { f0 P* [臨界溫度 # x4 O# T/ T# w/ |7 c5 g7 j
Critical temperture
2 c6 U2 z" H% ~" c3 J) g5 R) M共晶
5 f9 \7 A7 M& M- A0 vEutectic E0 A) T9 E H+ \/ g) C
包晶溫度 Peritectic Temperature3 T$ \6 H$ E* c2 ?8 l/ V- k1 \, W
包晶反應(yīng) Peritectic Reaction( h! y7 H6 V( E9 r4 T
包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy
+ T5 b3 j. I& {0 X, b2 Y亞共晶體 Hypoeutetic Alloy. V% w8 I4 p* \, e
過共晶體 Hyper-ectectic Alloy
. s8 v5 k% i8 z9 L7 [8 l& y" p金屬的相融,、相融溫度,、晶體反應(yīng)及合金在共晶合金、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反應(yīng)的比較 $ u0 Q1 i! @6 v% ^$ k$ _) L
Equilibrium Comparision * Q1 F0 Y4 O% N
金屬塑性 Plastic Deformation
* \% c1 ~- z4 Y7 h滑動面 Slip Plan l, [3 q6 n& ~: G0 a
畸變 Distortion
/ J5 b! G! y1 C1 C: t# c/ O/ L硬化 Work Hardening
& D' x* R$ ]+ X8 P退火 Annealing6 T2 W* h& v* n3 B/ \6 `" E7 G, J6 |2 J+ y
回復(fù)柔軟 Crystal Recovery; h+ n6 Q* e- L
再結(jié)晶 Recrystallization+ y( G: L1 x4 o$ @' |
金屬材料的性能及試驗
. ?" o' a5 @+ w9 ]: GProperties & testing of metal
% O( b" O' P; X% g) s1 M o化學(xué)性能 * y; z' I6 p, w. t9 D A6 q& P
Chemical Properties
9 B1 u2 w9 f$ \物理性能 5 ]: G1 n0 X' H# x/ g
Physical Properties9 ], {+ }, |# i+ X- M* o. T! B
顏色
8 V8 E# U4 ^; aColour* J/ J$ K# K& J& x6 l, t1 v
磁性 8 M" _: b+ f Q1 i- \
Magnetisum
, v; i; o4 e$ z& P2 E比電阻 K7 V6 n( e- |. o+ B2 `
Specific resistivity & specific resistance : v! R- J9 q# a4 @' Y8 `7 r" n
比重! l$ ^# G1 U! F8 C1 \! N' b7 n$ n3 Q
Specific gravity & specific density) T, v: J# ~2 a# z2 \' O; d! M8 h
比熱
1 ~ ~5 m1 e' f6 sSpecific Heat
8 [2 N1 J6 [: d4 }& F熱膨脹系數(shù)
& [+ x0 ^4 S' |, P M9 A' ECoefficient of thermal expansion 9 d! E# e# j, |/ y( g
導(dǎo)熱度
! t. f# _' ]* m u1 gHeat conductivity
\2 j7 ^8 x" _8 S機械性能 Mechanical properties z r1 z8 I6 U; O2 ?; p& C
屈服強度(降伏強度) (Yield strangth)3 T+ R8 k* e) c" l' O
彈性限度,、陽氏彈性系數(shù)及屈服點
; W- q% t% @. e0 d" E: s# welastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point ! \: `' w" i8 U. u
伸長度 . V! R, {! X* }2 g# `. M" H% |" e1 R
Elongation
+ @( O, q/ r3 B1 K4 o斷面縮率
. j8 T9 A0 r* b2 {! {/ GReduction of area3 D. a0 C+ y( d e
金屬材料的試驗方法4 U- \9 M$ y+ C" a! \9 }3 C
The Method of Metal inspection
. Y; ~4 c9 {3 ?1 H2 m, B不破壞檢驗( w5 g) h; g* L* y
Non – destructive inspections) `* Y4 i/ ~. d+ ?2 {
滲透探傷法 ; |! h; j* Z- X6 H8 X7 p
Penetrate inspection {& S5 Z1 L7 K& O( `
磁粉探傷法
. J- r. ^+ `1 w# K* ?% Y$ iMagnetic particle inspection& U4 K3 a* p' ~' S( h% s
放射線探傷法5 t. K# m$ x6 ~! ?, z
Radiographic inspection
2 g8 @( T$ [& V超聲波探傷法
7 T* U4 V0 N: M$ l2 w0 zUltrasonic inspection
+ q: o" y3 P9 M$ n" E4 t' d顯微觀察法 - v+ @2 p- N+ M4 Q! B' M- h3 ]0 J
Microscopic inspection# q3 t. t1 v/ {/ e% H" g
破壞的檢驗
' _* A/ U" v/ Z9 u% }- @Destructive Inspection" c$ X" @) D' z w$ S1 G9 S
沖擊測試& K/ {6 K9 J* o: m; P8 t
Impact Test
+ k) e0 T- u0 k3 S" ~% l* `疲勞測試
4 Z- |2 q. R) h& s9 e/ K. F: \Fatigue Test
1 z2 P: I8 Y( \2 x- n2 ~; d潛變測試 Creep Test* q+ o5 f+ ]1 n$ F
潛變強度# L, {( }# P( z5 b/ e: O8 Q
Creeps Strength 5 k1 A' W0 O; Z. B) D; U
第壹潛變期
5 x% l0 Q" D, S+ bPrimary Creep
5 e, o, \+ i% S第二潛變期
0 c- T. J3 }2 ^1 u/ y1 }$ p" Q4 ~Secondary Creep# E* J% n7 H, J! s3 s* c/ V
第三潛變期; E4 [, D% }8 }* x& C+ M
Tertiary Creep- f( `+ T8 t& V+ E7 q; ?
主要金屬元素之物理性質(zhì): M# ?- E+ X% f4 |6 |9 R
Physical properties of major Metal Elements
9 |: \, Q4 J, F- z3 ~# u& T工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)格 – 鐵及非鐵金屬
4 T8 [( t2 O7 D! N. u8 s7 y/ i# CIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal
1 i6 ~% r/ z0 H: A3 S: e磁力 Magnetic: E# y3 T) S0 [: I4 L
簡介 General
- G& F! y0 O& ^% r" H% |2 U軟磁 Soft Magnetic, X9 k5 Q3 {% _ a4 L9 H
硬磁 Hard Magnetic7 Z E! Z q" V0 s8 m
磁場 Magnetic Field. |6 m& A3 c- J) w$ M; a1 Z0 M
磁性感應(yīng) Magnetic Induction
' c4 I, o9 b9 H8 _+ |透磁度 Magnetic Permeability
$ f* V# P1 [* y5 C3 x. z( A- w: f' f磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm) 3 ]0 z. _( }. b
磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁場(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的電子(Electron)活動而產(chǎn)生
?: a w: y. g, c2 Q抗磁體,、順磁體、鐵磁體,、反鐵磁體及亞鐵磁體
2 P- B4 g% N+ E5 ^9 DDiamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism
/ x, n z$ p; L+ o! Y1 @抗磁體 Diamagnetism' _# ] w j/ Z; H0 A
磁偶極子 Dipole1 F% r4 d! \" g5 M. b# n
負磁力效應(yīng) Negative effect+ E! e2 @$ u; i1 j# A d
順磁體 Paramagnetic
$ s, P7 b- m# I" _5 u% E正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility/ O) G# k4 Z; R; a$ G% o) o$ r
鐵磁體 Ferromagnetism
) _ b5 Y* a! m+ W轉(zhuǎn)變元素 Transition element
, U) D: V0 X, S* E+ j q' A交換能量 Positive energy exchange
; r+ c9 I+ i4 L/ R N4 c# I外價電子 Outer valence electrons. d6 I' }' X$ a& B0 R
化學(xué)結(jié)合 Chemical bond- x2 J) d6 _# q9 [' q7 ~
自發(fā)上磁 Spontaneous magnetization, a* g$ g. ?3 Y& x5 |
磁疇 Magnetic domain
' w9 Z3 l' }6 H: N2 x; }相反旋轉(zhuǎn) Opposite span
6 j( q9 _0 t# W7 i/ X比較抗磁體,、順磁體及鐵磁體 1 c/ Y% m2 s" m- z7 G; v4 ?! p
Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism 8 p7 D) [' k' }2 N1 |4 S" M# H) F
反鐵磁體 Antiferromagnetism
m! E: M, i( A7 y! W% {! Z, q亞鐵磁體 Ferrimagnetism 3 z; }7 h4 Q4 [! X6 b; X9 v1 I
磁矩 magnetic moment
, n; P! ?5 _7 d* d* v, X. d凈磁矩 Net magnetic moment$ n; S; c0 N) V6 R S- C, g8 A s
鋼鐵的主要成份
0 x& Z7 v$ N: XThe major element of steel 0 S# v/ E7 P6 ^; r
鋼鐵用"碳"之含量來分類
, b) q" [) j/ o+ }) t) _) R8 eClassification of Steel according to Carbon contents
; U9 K& X( x' [! I! R鐵相 5 o% |+ o( n P+ F- W6 C
Steel Phases1 c+ Z$ L+ t; p- E" b
鋼鐵的名稱( g$ H/ n6 k: D
Name of steel( _4 S ]! y! n5 B7 W+ P
純鐵體$ P1 t( M* d5 c- G
Ferrite
& `. j& J# u0 f) s滲碳體
8 s5 e3 b9 D* U, q' A) S5 F( WCementitle3 J" Q2 G: k1 U3 w5 c% J9 D! V! G
奧氏體 Austenite
, ?& k7 B; q4 N2 o- A) G/ n珠光體及共釋鋼 6 j0 F' l* w7 Z
Pearlite &Eutectoid
* K- N/ o& x7 C, K; v' ^; x# P( y奧氏體碳鋼 8 M6 f. s" K2 b0 ?& I0 K7 }! ^
Austenite Carbon Steel
( h# S5 e" Q$ O( x( l- {3 N2 T單相金屬9 {1 z* e5 _9 ?5 I# p
Single Phase Metal , u1 s! g1 Z ^7 J, z h
共釋變態(tài)
& D7 k. _& X, [$ E+ HEutectoid Transformation
1 w- N! P, w" X* e) P$ N' P/ X3 U珠光體 Pearlite$ E- x0 R" o0 i
亞鐵釋體
5 n- s# r% |: f. u; B# XHyppo-Eutectoid
% w6 h3 W6 G2 d7 }0 ~- E+ s( f- v初釋純鐵體 Pro-entectoid ferrite+ \ j4 Q$ V: P# c$ X
過共釋鋼 Hype-eutectoid
4 l! ^6 \( b3 M: r) O珠光體
5 j2 [2 A, C; m- a# k2 \9 \+ ^" u3 rPearlite
7 v5 P- \- h0 n H粗珠光體 Coarse pearlite
0 M. u3 U' E3 R# q8 Y# ?中珠光體 Medium pearlite" Y g- N- O8 T) U4 H
幼珠光體 Fine pearlite; P0 G& W$ m [- B6 I1 z" { D
磁性變態(tài)點 Magnetic Transformation
: A7 @% s4 p* r3 o. T5 w鋼鐵的制造
. L, G4 ~& ]; j& v3 l* tManufacturing of Steel
4 K8 J( q& `2 k1 p4 c+ {連續(xù)鑄造法 Continuous casting process% _; a9 ^" ~! G8 G1 ~
電爐 Electric furnace4 s. G0 B* j' p, m% q- V) F& y
均熱爐 Soaking pit
$ w, Y! ~* n- ~ f- L1 u' s/ V全靜鋼 Killed steel4 I" t. C* H2 p/ B4 t
半靜鋼 Semi-killed steel
2 \" \: f2 r+ D2 b6 P/ ?沸騰鋼(未凈鋼) Rimmed steel
/ l% L) {' a; Q" @鋼鐵生產(chǎn)流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 7 \1 S1 Y8 g* J
鋼材的熔鑄、鍛造,、擠壓及延軋1 ^% A9 b0 A$ @( W' I
The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel
m+ O) b- A, H% o; l9 R. M! _熔鑄 Casting
- f4 O5 u" q- E% B$ {5 J鍛造 Fogging' w: f" b/ x" p, f, p" O
擠壓 Extrusion0 b/ n8 C3 m1 N) X# d9 r
延軋 Rolling
- D8 r4 j6 P* U: d" m# C沖剪 Drawing & stamping
6 v: @2 B# Q7 o2 [特殊鋼 Special Steel
9 H, v7 Y9 g9 T7 Y簡介
' ~ @. @( O) k6 Q) a! ~4 i& mGeneral
0 s; ~% t" F% w7 v/ [ F1 s4 Y0 y特殊鋼以原素分類
6 ^5 C' j3 j( H, ~1 A0 Q; J: SClassification of Special Steel according to Element
# i0 w* ]3 a r/ r% q% d4 n% ?特殊鋼以用途來分類
6 K" z5 S- h) [0 j& uClassification of Special Steel according to End Usage " u- U0 @1 S' e* r& [
易車(快削)不銹鋼 5 [6 T% ~/ |9 f8 V4 b2 q# O( [
Free Cutting Stainless Steel v0 k5 i1 z' o6 ?# Y A5 o t
含鉛易車鋼 + B# H/ m) b3 L2 _9 w
Leaded Free Cutting Steel
8 H* [* H( _- V含硫易車鋼 * R2 [3 q# N# l
Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel ~1 o8 f3 l2 K3 o" ]
硬化性能/ Z Q4 ~/ [ P; t- N5 L$ l8 c
Hardenability
" ]5 |+ e8 \8 r) b鋼的脆性# r4 p# F: L0 y6 M3 }+ x D7 q- s
Brittleness of Steel
/ h7 j. i* m8 R- {5 \低溫脆性 Cold brittleness' }" r4 o. J( J( U6 H
回火脆性 Temper brittleness
, U0 V- Q: s9 }/ x1 _9 F+ B) j日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的特殊鋼材+ Q. Y" d* {7 u5 p: }% q6 E
Specail Steel according to JIS Standard " X) C* W: B& ]) P! ~
鉻鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G4104
0 Z/ ?. {9 A8 U! ~2 e$ y2 u7 VChrome steel to JIS G4104 " \- E4 k9 Y( Y( f+ \& o
鉻鉬鋼鋼材 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4105 62' @9 N" X. v" @! B
Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105
% f7 |) O, m: {) M, J, g鎳鉻 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4102 63
9 B7 a4 {9 k! W( tChrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102
# R/ K& p- D0 i \: m2 y [鎳鉻鉬鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4103 64
, ^7 {! {# c/ Q+ KNickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103
% U0 ]5 r/ N' Z6 I- w高錳鋼鑄 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn): v3 ~5 e4 ]0 @
High manganese steel to JIS standard . s. r1 J. d' B; V& J* [
片及板材7 r+ T; q& l& q i
Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate
R0 \% _! f4 d冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)(日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G3141) 73 - 959 H0 d6 t1 @ v; k- b, B v
Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)# Q5 l. y) x4 Z* l- M+ c8 R3 f
簡介' s y- n* H/ T# c
General : g8 k {2 ]% \ O( q
美材試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的冷轆低碳鋼片
, n9 v. |6 U- e' }& [Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)
8 _ g2 R, M1 j V/ g3 l9 T日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JIS G3141冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)的編號淺釋 & \" O, v$ f; f9 S: V# n% o1 Q1 d
Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141 , X& ?$ y; I( B* a$ I+ G2 |
材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity) g; ^4 \7 u5 _ W* Z J
硬度 Hardness
7 H( ^/ r( U* B- R" l表面處理 Surface finish- j* S1 ]* _1 ~8 r6 Z3 D& `0 u8 L* r
冷轆鋼捆片及張片制作流程圖表
9 o" u1 C$ G O" KProduction flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet : f8 n4 X9 s* N
冷轆鋼捆片及張片的電鍍和印刷方法9 Z' T% p/ a* E4 q
Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method ) F! h* _) { x6 D ^& K8 g
冷轆(低碳)鋼片的分類用,、途、工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),、品質(zhì),、加熱狀態(tài)及硬度表
$ F$ {. ^/ Y7 x7 Q D( G d' Y& dEnd usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip
, G; [# Q, c" H* M' e( i3 @硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test0 L" [- s* y3 F; b( O0 g. x% t! f
拉伸測試(順紋測試)6 z- L Z8 b: R& P
Elongation test
; e* b6 i5 Y) A& ^杯突測試(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘，準(zhǔn)確至0.1公厘 3個試片平均數(shù))" d8 t6 \9 g7 B& ^
Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)5 v$ K W: a- G
曲面(假曲率) |
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發(fā)表于 2008-2-21 13:22:32
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