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物料科學(xué)8 T, X0 d7 }- G3 I
Material Science
$ @$ x! @0 u2 s7 h) k物料科學(xué)定義Material Science Definition" @3 E) W6 r( M) k) K d
加工性能 4 |% o- a. a {, C8 x; f; Z
Machinability
( U; @% L% J# m2 N# m& k強(qiáng)度
* Q% y5 X9 ^& b5 X9 WStrength
8 i4 n/ L& z" S/ i/ Z抗腐蝕及耐用
# c' g: R1 w+ w8 Z" V F; w _Corrosion & resistance durability: F& R/ O6 N5 ~* g! ^) e
金屬特性4 v! {, L/ b3 ?. q1 ]% K- f
Special metallic features
A! U; i! o8 S* n3 h9 d. H抗敏感及環(huán)境保護(hù)
0 U& N- p; ]- T, i! @' EAllergic, re-cycling & environmental protection5 }4 T7 r% `5 F7 }0 k1 i
化學(xué)元素 . n0 n. R, W( Q% ]' g
Chemical element' e4 ?6 T: L- y/ m" y
元素的原子序數(shù)
3 K% F, c: R' `$ R2 Q# N# yAtom of Elements/ c0 D, h/ `% N2 ^( g
原子及固體物質(zhì)
! M! a# d. D0 JAtom and solid material
2 F: L! F7 S, o+ T3 g7 `$ j3 O9 T原子的組成,、大小,、體積和單位圖表 % I* b2 u( h. A8 k: D
The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron)
. W: ^8 ]2 {% |7 T1 [原子的組織圖 # }$ A7 u8 ]) I& J1 J9 A
Atom Constitutes * a8 C" `% L; f0 |
周期表
+ A- i2 C3 b. P( N+ RPeriodic Table
+ L: p' R [& F1 P9 t原子鍵結(jié) 3 Q3 ?) r0 h+ }5 n
Atom Bonding 1 z. } B9 \( g; i- v
金屬與合金 Metal and Alloy! ]: m# `; g. d2 `( Z' E
鐵及非鐵金屬7 f9 ^) q% @/ `4 b* ~' O2 o9 u: R
Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal. X1 u- [' u; X b8 e" L6 c
金屬的特性 1 j( N3 o' d9 e I$ ~3 W7 i( b
Features of Metal % |" M- H" n+ Z# D- o
晶體結(jié)構(gòu) Crystal Pattern
3 A! p9 ]) v' Z- J- i* E晶體結(jié)構(gòu),,定向格子及單位晶格
; S9 @. J0 F5 i' x5 i8 ~Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell , |# P2 f/ ~' x$ S& O/ d
X線結(jié)晶分析法 % \" X: L( x2 r
X – ray crystal analyics method 9 ]4 T4 i% Z) b' \
金屬結(jié)晶格子 Metal space lattice
3 {8 g$ n# O- ^" z8 g$ l格子常數(shù) Lattice constant 4 Y$ [- w$ B2 Y# [' T* ^1 W. p
米勒指數(shù) Mill's Index
5 J% ~4 w3 T6 T3 }金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule
) N3 A) N) o+ ~# o1 n3 W' x4 r; x固熔體 Solid solution 5 C E9 c$ i0 V8 d( u4 d# j
置換型固熔體 Substitutional type solid solution
: S" h6 q) L3 M, J7 u插入型固熔體 Interstital solid solution
, x D' L& H. @3 u" m金屬間化物 Intermetallic compound - R. O) M% b, g* t- u4 ~) |
金屬變態(tài)
( u, G) F9 S. t0 E4 D0 l4 z/ S& TTransformation % s# t2 _9 }/ m4 ^+ R
變態(tài)點(diǎn) ; V% [, w0 j3 D, ]( A$ L
Transformation Point" o3 y/ T, k8 Q8 u$ B5 }) x
磁性變態(tài) N5 P2 ?- D7 Q
Magnetic Transformation
% r3 \: J4 M( o l同素變態(tài)9 k6 b+ a o4 D- v+ t8 B
Allotropic Transformation9 G6 n( E c& S9 Q0 f8 J
合金平衡狀態(tài)
+ R( A0 n0 U7 x1 S3 x( m" lThermal Equilibrium # d" Y6 U4 \6 l, F+ x6 C
相律
0 Y; y" L" {# t' W( NPhase Rule4 ~' ^/ ^5 u( m' H0 N) b. s
自由度
3 h. A, |2 {, C3 V4 T/ r% CDegree of freedom 1 D3 v. c% O$ |/ r5 L: r" z! K2 q
臨界溫度
4 ~; u$ W' P7 U. E, b" mCritical temperture
' ^& K$ A: _% r- C9 d; O共晶
! {5 u' A$ u! L5 O/ V& ?0 X( w1 `Eutectic " j9 m* k$ ]3 m& r1 c" P
包晶溫度 Peritectic Temperature
; w; ]% C4 a1 ^5 J" D包晶反應(yīng) Peritectic Reaction
$ n4 U/ O8 |$ a' `' v8 J包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy5 @: t. }& C: u) u! n5 A; M# ]
亞共晶體 Hypoeutetic Alloy! d% F4 |+ H- \# K* p3 }+ A3 m3 R
過共晶體 Hyper-ectectic Alloy
# H' c8 t. Y) [金屬的相融,、相融溫度、晶體反應(yīng)及合金在共晶合金,、固熔孻共晶合金及偏晶反應(yīng)的比較
% O h0 I/ a9 n8 k xEquilibrium Comparision % @1 m+ a! M9 K. A; P! s2 D4 _
金屬塑性 Plastic Deformation
- U9 f! S. q5 t; |4 d- y1 e滑動(dòng)面 Slip Plan
, M. A% I% ~0 i( s畸變 Distortion
* W3 v1 o/ K0 m; Y: m硬化 Work Hardening
) y7 X4 D0 k7 \) k, T' N# n退火 Annealing+ \/ K! a, J3 s
回復(fù)柔軟 Crystal Recovery
& s; r. k" r1 I1 z% {再結(jié)晶 Recrystallization5 ?( ^% S5 H$ n+ D3 G& `+ q
金屬材料的性能及試驗(yàn) ' J: |9 t" l x) ]7 g
Properties & testing of metal
& R% i0 C) v+ p; l' Q化學(xué)性能 ! q0 |+ n; Z$ b0 y2 U- B9 w
Chemical Properties
; w9 V8 U& D& b5 y2 F% O3 c/ I物理性能 4 R2 }' K+ v5 ?# H8 p9 d
Physical Properties3 \6 _ U7 b/ O% P
顏色 ! H) F$ z" D: m k Z+ e! a# U
Colour
7 K( Z. ~2 M: w* {磁性 ' ^. W9 q/ S# m9 z
Magnetisum
, Y. |2 j5 l( g# t- l2 h比電阻
# a+ W& N( }& F% d' O" P7 G# V* FSpecific resistivity & specific resistance
8 K6 E e' f( U; E. W比重3 ?; O; B z# V# ~% P
Specific gravity & specific density
6 V/ v2 l1 q4 X1 t) E" @( H比熱* b; n8 {0 ]) Z" d
Specific Heat
$ ]/ v! ~8 F, d- A. t; \; Y* P* \熱膨脹系數(shù)
5 Y5 O$ R6 b4 S4 gCoefficient of thermal expansion
- |' E: s: y) W- C導(dǎo)熱度
3 H5 n& O, H. f5 T( W- RHeat conductivity 9 B7 Y+ K, M) l
機(jī)械性能 Mechanical properties
5 u F& {% p( ^屈服強(qiáng)度(降伏強(qiáng)度) (Yield strangth)1 l" z1 p, \5 V7 _6 C& f5 G
彈性限度、陽(yáng)氏彈性系數(shù)及屈服點(diǎn) 7 C5 A- J( E+ O7 V
elastic limit, Yeung's module of elasticity to yield point
9 _4 L& C9 i, \伸長(zhǎng)度 - |6 E8 b, Q2 C& a! z# r* ?
Elongation ) z" x, c/ B$ B$ h, q
斷面縮率
6 m& @; X @4 w( X9 l! M6 DReduction of area
. ~, N' }1 {- Y5 S6 u/ o金屬材料的試驗(yàn)方法
1 _8 X( ~# q5 Y5 JThe Method of Metal inspection
) c. x5 ~) Z I, m不破壞檢驗(yàn)1 O; P6 q% D9 K5 Y# P/ k( `( {+ ]
Non – destructive inspections8 P% t: t, v( z3 A
滲透探傷法
* f' r& K+ P; SPenetrate inspection
$ r5 E6 A2 W3 G$ V磁粉探傷法 7 T) \0 ^9 c3 Y( ^8 B! H7 Y( u
Magnetic particle inspection X6 s G. r! }+ f+ B3 g
放射線探傷法
( T. Q( l# Q8 m/ D" rRadiographic inspection
- k, s% w9 @. i4 g3 o0 y超聲波探傷法
5 \% l5 A8 n* F$ w/ o& `Ultrasonic inspection
1 M# u. X! s% ~5 q" O顯微觀察法
2 T$ ]. u; B/ i) s/ a, q+ S* qMicroscopic inspection5 w9 h" Z# f+ ~* ?7 p* \7 C
破壞的檢驗(yàn)
4 N) K3 T! x$ w6 m; N# [Destructive Inspection. i0 w7 C, B! `: t8 h1 |
沖擊測(cè)試& r* Y. }# O0 E9 i. }+ A( B1 T
Impact Test
( ^ {$ z# a/ s, p+ k疲勞測(cè)試
$ M6 G" @2 j J. |4 b; XFatigue Test5 j; m: n; c& {% r Y- T# C+ g
潛變測(cè)試 Creep Test; T+ z- l3 I( ^+ d6 k, E5 q4 G
潛變強(qiáng)度% V/ n) `4 N! n
Creeps Strength
$ R Q/ e/ ~4 p/ n3 B第壹潛變期
9 h4 q1 _" [8 S. L& K6 U4 QPrimary Creep
% s, d9 e: }; K; f4 B O2 l第二潛變期
+ i$ D5 J7 ^! m: N8 S$ oSecondary Creep
% b8 ~4 e+ r. C9 K& i9 V4 t9 e, Y第三潛變期" u: L( `$ ^3 s5 T, p( @
Tertiary Creep' O0 }! f; e* g) c
主要金屬元素之物理性質(zhì)5 s. e6 o& L8 v" g( M' f
Physical properties of major Metal Elements
$ `# n2 H! A. {& }! `6 \工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及規(guī)格 – 鐵及非鐵金屬
& H$ U0 ]4 f7 S* lIndustrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal 8 T( r! c6 q2 O: u8 n* ]
磁力 Magnetic
4 K/ L- j& e( A7 m1 q( C# z) G5 ]簡(jiǎn)介 General 6 V K* y: H- j7 `" [
軟磁 Soft Magnetic
0 E1 W* z3 M1 Q9 D9 s, Z硬磁 Hard Magnetic+ I R9 ?% I9 M" E6 @, W
磁場(chǎng) Magnetic Field- Z# I' @ C7 K1 W, a
磁性感應(yīng) Magnetic Induction
: y' L; K+ s3 H' j7 p3 R. U0 m6 o' z透磁度 Magnetic Permeability
; C2 h7 i6 ]6 E3 I8 U' q2 H! p1 G0 ?: O磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)
8 q$ q+ Y, B7 i! v: P( Z3 _磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁場(chǎng)(Magnetic Field)是因物料里的電子(Electron)活動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生 2 N6 A/ k! C/ c4 q
抗磁體,、順磁體,、鐵磁體、反鐵磁體及亞鐵磁體 & \* _7 }: l# c2 J7 B9 V
Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetism,Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetism 8 z% D; v% }4 v/ i' i' a6 q
抗磁體 Diamagnetism9 s5 T8 S! ~3 C v" n' M! W
磁偶極子 Dipole
3 q" h( c3 l& d* N! d o負(fù)磁力效應(yīng) Negative effect
% |' l7 n. L8 F. D+ Q3 y( m順磁體 Paramagnetic
. i+ v& a! e' w. `9 a* d( W0 \正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility% X% l; @/ c4 V0 Z& Y6 d. Q' u
鐵磁體 Ferromagnetism 3 Q! l8 y. m/ p9 }: Q7 |' S* {
轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)?Transition element1 k/ _: l2 L, j4 B$ |
交換能量 Positive energy exchange
0 m L! g. [" R$ R' m外價(jià)電子 Outer valence electrons
# Y) e$ e+ \+ S0 W- b化學(xué)結(jié)合 Chemical bond7 g0 s0 X5 V, N
自發(fā)上磁 Spontaneous magnetization
8 d9 r+ s _; p% M& j9 f/ }; x) w磁疇 Magnetic domain
, @& t H! J$ s4 J+ \2 c( @8 P相反旋轉(zhuǎn) Opposite span j" J/ H) q1 A2 z y
比較抗磁體,、順磁體及鐵磁體 0 u" `* P) k; Y/ ]
Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism
5 Y6 N' Q5 v* G' C反鐵磁體 Antiferromagnetism ) [8 r& t8 o8 f
亞鐵磁體 Ferrimagnetism - z% |' a# a, _8 {% Q8 I/ L4 ^( u
磁矩 magnetic moment
. u0 R7 r; `4 M& Z+ ^凈磁矩 Net magnetic moment1 ^# ~/ M* c' s
鋼鐵的主要成份
! K4 J! Q3 _% PThe major element of steel K: Y! S( o/ f0 k+ n5 K: t6 P
鋼鐵用"碳"之含量來(lái)分類' s0 q" h6 w0 Q. u8 o7 S
Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents
% d5 O" n+ x: p8 y' Q" q鐵相 ' M- S/ Q0 C3 Q: J
Steel Phases
l2 f8 z0 H4 A0 L; V鋼鐵的名稱$ E* w3 h# o6 L8 T0 ]3 j
Name of steel
) k+ f! w1 E. M" h" O5 D/ S, J8 @純鐵體; M7 j/ B& M3 D
Ferrite
( c. v( b$ A2 t% x9 P/ t. n滲碳體
# j" o6 i. N8 [. x. o; ?Cementitle& B9 z r, A" O" n+ v
奧氏體 Austenite
, T) y1 c8 {8 u0 ?5 I j8 i珠光體及共釋鋼
! V6 ? D* Z6 r) cPearlite &Eutectoid 0 [9 X0 o0 x: N
奧氏體碳鋼 3 l ?) f8 \, }
Austenite Carbon Steel
' C6 c- c7 T' \, s' I單相金屬5 g* a( i4 t5 X' g9 p0 V; i
Single Phase Metal % M' J1 a( {2 e) ]1 I
共釋變態(tài)
) x( q2 r/ i' ?. }Eutectoid Transformation 2 ^+ r2 T+ e5 Z' {
珠光體 Pearlite
7 ?' P/ B3 e( d亞鐵釋體
5 f$ t; n- C; _6 AHyppo-Eutectoid
! ? l6 f& c$ Y& Q初釋純鐵體 Pro-entectoid ferrite6 ], J+ c1 V& Q1 N. Q6 q _
過共釋鋼 Hype-eutectoid
7 H: o$ t' F; Q6 T8 m! B珠光體
2 L3 G$ [/ y( D- D# K; @8 oPearlite 5 g! J! g0 F1 m
粗珠光體 Coarse pearlite
2 |1 A4 M: X8 u9 _中珠光體 Medium pearlite
" L2 @% z8 e# B6 k t7 g+ Y幼珠光體 Fine pearlite
- ^- Q0 E& x1 Q* E% a磁性變態(tài)點(diǎn) Magnetic Transformation : _6 J; f; L3 d) n
鋼鐵的制造
5 U8 }1 j, h1 C. cManufacturing of Steel ) p! A9 Y' ^8 G+ g8 ^
連續(xù)鑄造法 Continuous casting process
^6 w2 G; E% t% J電爐 Electric furnace
" b$ L! ]: l& r: h: B均熱爐 Soaking pit# p5 o& y# O1 ]# t8 N
全靜鋼 Killed steel) ~4 A. i3 t! q# O7 L
半靜鋼 Semi-killed steel
0 I( {9 Z5 ~, |# `沸騰鋼(未凈鋼) Rimmed steel
: ]0 C3 \( Y, F5 L鋼鐵生產(chǎn)流程 Steel Production Flow Chart
; u* a) ]* i, _. Z( b) Z; J鋼材的熔鑄,、鍛造、擠壓及延軋0 o3 p" F2 D& V7 }
The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel
$ m$ P% ~, s; L7 T5 Q熔鑄 Casting6 X) Y% @# z; I7 b0 {# B) w
鍛造 Fogging
X) K( o) X/ H7 I/ H$ P5 x擠壓 Extrusion
% L2 C+ ^& O! U; I) q延軋 Rolling
- H3 V9 K& t: ~" n% @# n/ V沖剪 Drawing & stamping- Z$ z* [; V" u2 u* S8 V6 g, W
特殊鋼 Special Steel( k% D, R% P j6 Q O9 o$ I
簡(jiǎn)介5 o V$ Q o3 v& L. _% K* d. d
General5 _, i; }* O( s$ K% y, u5 z: A1 d. G
特殊鋼以原素分類 2 B& c7 k |) g4 W! v
Classification of Special Steel according to Element
7 N; e" C2 O+ N8 M特殊鋼以用途來(lái)分類
2 s0 B' l2 g3 E9 j/ U; |0 yClassification of Special Steel according to End Usage : W5 K0 q* O$ R5 V, _7 U$ W0 c5 u
易車(快削)不銹鋼 5 k% G3 o. |1 q/ w/ v
Free Cutting Stainless Steel 4 l% B0 o' Y$ W' \4 Q- Y
含鉛易車鋼
1 h" e( @! B. o$ I9 ]Leaded Free Cutting Steel
- ~/ Y9 R0 ~( f1 U. J- [- w7 l. ^, o含硫易車鋼
! @4 S& A0 p4 Z- `. O- GSulphuric Free Cutting Steel
; d" z7 ^' K+ S( A- q# G硬化性能
% O4 ?! }% \ F% B( N3 j+ WHardenability r9 n: k: n/ s! t8 w
鋼的脆性
3 {$ p# `+ F2 z9 MBrittleness of Steel
, u& {! Z4 D1 G& p9 L低溫脆性 Cold brittleness" t( g! o; B+ M0 o( w8 ~% @7 Y9 D
回火脆性 Temper brittleness
1 p& l8 o% J O; p" O! s日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下的特殊鋼材3 j! @7 w+ [% p! K8 \! A
Specail Steel according to JIS Standard - Q, V* j7 r2 G% p0 d$ b3 v3 T
鉻鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G4104
- t1 f9 L2 n% P7 Z$ wChrome steel to JIS G4104 7 G, @" `7 N+ t! D
鉻鉬鋼鋼材 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4105 62" e- E: b1 _; u: S) F; _
Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105
6 N- }) |' S1 B" K% b8 n鎳鉻 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4102 63
# c1 u; Y9 I. T' A1 y) gChrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102
' O) N- s t/ x, ?% h鎳鉻鉬鋼 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) G4103 648 e! Y+ h1 J) m+ R
Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103
. }+ H& H1 t$ F2 T M0 e* Y+ d高錳鋼鑄 – 日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)$ {5 T- {; K* @; [% G: g
High manganese steel to JIS standard , ~) `" m3 M, I Y- q
片及板材
, D) W+ _* n: z5 g$ C- F0 y4 V- lChapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate m$ z4 u; Y3 J/ s; L9 `3 u `
冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)(日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn) JIS G3141) 73 - 95
6 B: f3 x, y2 d3 H6 CCold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)
2 `8 h I7 J7 ^. ^" o( A2 \; w簡(jiǎn)介) n2 H! E. g8 o
General
6 P& p! X$ p1 Y7 s美材試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的冷轆低碳鋼片
- l) A0 T" A* JCold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)
3 Z7 g+ g+ p+ o% @! }4 Q' E日工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)JIS G3141冷轆低碳鋼片(雙單光片)的編號(hào)淺釋 4 R( H6 |; J& m: `6 t& ?
Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141
) N" M( i$ Y. c% U7 X( Q材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity
4 f1 n: l( E" E% `$ k% ]( ]硬度 Hardness1 Y) x x( Q# o+ _. e
表面處理 Surface finish
% Z+ q) L1 n" }; {+ M6 m" D, c冷轆鋼捆片及張片制作流程圖表! |5 @9 e/ @' s1 Z
Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet
8 P* W! C6 p. V; E- i冷轆鋼捆片及張片的電鍍和印刷方法
/ X$ N$ F _3 c6 z$ H. PCold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method
6 C6 q# r* Z O4 X5 g冷轆(低碳)鋼片的分類用,、途,、工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、品質(zhì),、加熱狀態(tài)及硬度表
! K0 y6 d. E7 kEnd usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip
* n% r: `7 m p7 I6 _. P硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test7 ^1 N( f5 t j$ k
拉伸測(cè)試(順紋測(cè)試)
g7 I' t. J1 K' V4 s6 L1 zElongation test
N2 V0 m* ]# G W8 e$ H杯突測(cè)試(厚度: 0.4公厘至1.6公厘,,準(zhǔn)確至0.1公厘 3個(gè)試片平均數(shù))
1 D5 b/ h5 h4 \; f2 J- MErichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)0 M2 a* u, J. W0 y* i6 r6 W. y
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